Line data Source code
1 : /*
2 : * pgbench.c
3 : *
4 : * A simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
5 : * Originally written by Tatsuo Ishii and enhanced by many contributors.
6 : *
7 : * src/bin/pgbench/pgbench.c
8 : * Copyright (c) 2000-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
9 : * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;
10 : *
11 : * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
12 : * documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
13 : * is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
14 : * paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
15 : *
16 : * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
17 : * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
18 : * LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
19 : * DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
20 : * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
21 : *
22 : * THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
23 : * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
24 : * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
25 : * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO
26 : * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
27 : *
28 : */
29 :
30 : #if defined(WIN32) && FD_SETSIZE < 1024
31 : #error FD_SETSIZE needs to have been increased
32 : #endif
33 :
34 : #include "postgres_fe.h"
35 :
36 : #include <ctype.h>
37 : #include <float.h>
38 : #include <limits.h>
39 : #include <math.h>
40 : #include <signal.h>
41 : #include <time.h>
42 : #include <sys/time.h>
43 : #include <sys/resource.h> /* for getrlimit */
44 :
45 : /* For testing, PGBENCH_USE_SELECT can be defined to force use of that code */
46 : #if defined(HAVE_PPOLL) && !defined(PGBENCH_USE_SELECT)
47 : #define POLL_USING_PPOLL
48 : #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
49 : #include <poll.h>
50 : #endif
51 : #else /* no ppoll(), so use select() */
52 : #define POLL_USING_SELECT
53 : #include <sys/select.h>
54 : #endif
55 :
56 : #include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
57 : #include "common/int.h"
58 : #include "common/logging.h"
59 : #include "common/pg_prng.h"
60 : #include "common/string.h"
61 : #include "common/username.h"
62 : #include "fe_utils/cancel.h"
63 : #include "fe_utils/conditional.h"
64 : #include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
65 : #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
66 : #include "getopt_long.h"
67 : #include "libpq-fe.h"
68 : #include "pgbench.h"
69 : #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
70 : #include "portability/instr_time.h"
71 :
72 : /* X/Open (XSI) requires <math.h> to provide M_PI, but core POSIX does not */
73 : #ifndef M_PI
74 : #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
75 : #endif
76 :
77 : #define ERRCODE_T_R_SERIALIZATION_FAILURE "40001"
78 : #define ERRCODE_T_R_DEADLOCK_DETECTED "40P01"
79 : #define ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE "42P01"
80 :
81 : /*
82 : * Hashing constants
83 : */
84 : #define FNV_PRIME UINT64CONST(0x100000001b3)
85 : #define FNV_OFFSET_BASIS UINT64CONST(0xcbf29ce484222325)
86 : #define MM2_MUL UINT64CONST(0xc6a4a7935bd1e995)
87 : #define MM2_MUL_TIMES_8 UINT64CONST(0x35253c9ade8f4ca8)
88 : #define MM2_ROT 47
89 :
90 : /*
91 : * Multi-platform socket set implementations
92 : */
93 :
94 : #ifdef POLL_USING_PPOLL
95 : #define SOCKET_WAIT_METHOD "ppoll"
96 :
97 : typedef struct socket_set
98 : {
99 : int maxfds; /* allocated length of pollfds[] array */
100 : int curfds; /* number currently in use */
101 : struct pollfd pollfds[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
102 : } socket_set;
103 :
104 : #endif /* POLL_USING_PPOLL */
105 :
106 : #ifdef POLL_USING_SELECT
107 : #define SOCKET_WAIT_METHOD "select"
108 :
109 : typedef struct socket_set
110 : {
111 : int maxfd; /* largest FD currently set in fds */
112 : fd_set fds;
113 : } socket_set;
114 :
115 : #endif /* POLL_USING_SELECT */
116 :
117 : /*
118 : * Multi-platform thread implementations
119 : */
120 :
121 : #ifdef WIN32
122 : /* Use Windows threads */
123 : #include <windows.h>
124 : #define GETERRNO() (_dosmaperr(GetLastError()), errno)
125 : #define THREAD_T HANDLE
126 : #define THREAD_FUNC_RETURN_TYPE unsigned
127 : #define THREAD_FUNC_RETURN return 0
128 : #define THREAD_FUNC_CC __stdcall
129 : #define THREAD_CREATE(handle, function, arg) \
130 : ((*(handle) = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, (function), (arg), 0, NULL)) == 0 ? errno : 0)
131 : #define THREAD_JOIN(handle) \
132 : (WaitForSingleObject(handle, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? \
133 : GETERRNO() : CloseHandle(handle) ? 0 : GETERRNO())
134 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_T SYNCHRONIZATION_BARRIER
135 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_INIT(barrier, n) \
136 : (InitializeSynchronizationBarrier((barrier), (n), 0) ? 0 : GETERRNO())
137 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_WAIT(barrier) \
138 : EnterSynchronizationBarrier((barrier), \
139 : SYNCHRONIZATION_BARRIER_FLAGS_BLOCK_ONLY)
140 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_DESTROY(barrier)
141 : #else
142 : /* Use POSIX threads */
143 : #include "port/pg_pthread.h"
144 : #define THREAD_T pthread_t
145 : #define THREAD_FUNC_RETURN_TYPE void *
146 : #define THREAD_FUNC_RETURN return NULL
147 : #define THREAD_FUNC_CC
148 : #define THREAD_CREATE(handle, function, arg) \
149 : pthread_create((handle), NULL, (function), (arg))
150 : #define THREAD_JOIN(handle) \
151 : pthread_join((handle), NULL)
152 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_T pthread_barrier_t
153 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_INIT(barrier, n) \
154 : pthread_barrier_init((barrier), NULL, (n))
155 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_WAIT(barrier) pthread_barrier_wait((barrier))
156 : #define THREAD_BARRIER_DESTROY(barrier) pthread_barrier_destroy((barrier))
157 : #endif
158 :
159 :
160 : /********************************************************************
161 : * some configurable parameters */
162 :
163 : #define DEFAULT_INIT_STEPS "dtgvp" /* default -I setting */
164 : #define ALL_INIT_STEPS "dtgGvpf" /* all possible steps */
165 :
166 : #define LOG_STEP_SECONDS 5 /* seconds between log messages */
167 : #define DEFAULT_NXACTS 10 /* default nxacts */
168 :
169 : #define MIN_GAUSSIAN_PARAM 2.0 /* minimum parameter for gauss */
170 :
171 : #define MIN_ZIPFIAN_PARAM 1.001 /* minimum parameter for zipfian */
172 : #define MAX_ZIPFIAN_PARAM 1000.0 /* maximum parameter for zipfian */
173 :
174 : static int nxacts = 0; /* number of transactions per client */
175 : static int duration = 0; /* duration in seconds */
176 : static int64 end_time = 0; /* when to stop in micro seconds, under -T */
177 :
178 : /*
179 : * scaling factor. for example, scale = 10 will make 1000000 tuples in
180 : * pgbench_accounts table.
181 : */
182 : static int scale = 1;
183 :
184 : /*
185 : * fillfactor. for example, fillfactor = 90 will use only 90 percent
186 : * space during inserts and leave 10 percent free.
187 : */
188 : static int fillfactor = 100;
189 :
190 : /*
191 : * use unlogged tables?
192 : */
193 : static bool unlogged_tables = false;
194 :
195 : /*
196 : * log sampling rate (1.0 = log everything, 0.0 = option not given)
197 : */
198 : static double sample_rate = 0.0;
199 :
200 : /*
201 : * When threads are throttled to a given rate limit, this is the target delay
202 : * to reach that rate in usec. 0 is the default and means no throttling.
203 : */
204 : static double throttle_delay = 0;
205 :
206 : /*
207 : * Transactions which take longer than this limit (in usec) are counted as
208 : * late, and reported as such, although they are completed anyway. When
209 : * throttling is enabled, execution time slots that are more than this late
210 : * are skipped altogether, and counted separately.
211 : */
212 : static int64 latency_limit = 0;
213 :
214 : /*
215 : * tablespace selection
216 : */
217 : static char *tablespace = NULL;
218 : static char *index_tablespace = NULL;
219 :
220 : /*
221 : * Number of "pgbench_accounts" partitions. 0 is the default and means no
222 : * partitioning.
223 : */
224 : static int partitions = 0;
225 :
226 : /* partitioning strategy for "pgbench_accounts" */
227 : typedef enum
228 : {
229 : PART_NONE, /* no partitioning */
230 : PART_RANGE, /* range partitioning */
231 : PART_HASH, /* hash partitioning */
232 : } partition_method_t;
233 :
234 : static partition_method_t partition_method = PART_NONE;
235 : static const char *const PARTITION_METHOD[] = {"none", "range", "hash"};
236 :
237 : /* random seed used to initialize base_random_sequence */
238 : static int64 random_seed = -1;
239 :
240 : /*
241 : * end of configurable parameters
242 : *********************************************************************/
243 :
244 : #define nbranches 1 /* Makes little sense to change this. Change
245 : * -s instead */
246 : #define ntellers 10
247 : #define naccounts 100000
248 :
249 : /*
250 : * The scale factor at/beyond which 32bit integers are incapable of storing
251 : * 64bit values.
252 : *
253 : * Although the actual threshold is 21474, we use 20000 because it is easier to
254 : * document and remember, and isn't that far away from the real threshold.
255 : */
256 : #define SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD 20000
257 :
258 : static bool use_log; /* log transaction latencies to a file */
259 : static bool use_quiet; /* quiet logging onto stderr */
260 : static int agg_interval; /* log aggregates instead of individual
261 : * transactions */
262 : static bool per_script_stats = false; /* whether to collect stats per script */
263 : static int progress = 0; /* thread progress report every this seconds */
264 : static bool progress_timestamp = false; /* progress report with Unix time */
265 : static int nclients = 1; /* number of clients */
266 : static int nthreads = 1; /* number of threads */
267 : static bool is_connect; /* establish connection for each transaction */
268 : static bool report_per_command = false; /* report per-command latencies,
269 : * retries after errors and failures
270 : * (errors without retrying) */
271 : static int main_pid; /* main process id used in log filename */
272 :
273 : /*
274 : * There are different types of restrictions for deciding that the current
275 : * transaction with a serialization/deadlock error can no longer be retried and
276 : * should be reported as failed:
277 : * - max_tries (--max-tries) can be used to limit the number of tries;
278 : * - latency_limit (-L) can be used to limit the total time of tries;
279 : * - duration (-T) can be used to limit the total benchmark time.
280 : *
281 : * They can be combined together, and you need to use at least one of them to
282 : * retry the transactions with serialization/deadlock errors. If none of them is
283 : * used, the default value of max_tries is 1 and such transactions will not be
284 : * retried.
285 : */
286 :
287 : /*
288 : * We cannot retry a transaction after the serialization/deadlock error if its
289 : * number of tries reaches this maximum; if its value is zero, it is not used.
290 : */
291 : static uint32 max_tries = 1;
292 :
293 : static bool failures_detailed = false; /* whether to group failures in
294 : * reports or logs by basic types */
295 :
296 : static const char *pghost = NULL;
297 : static const char *pgport = NULL;
298 : static const char *username = NULL;
299 : static const char *dbName = NULL;
300 : static char *logfile_prefix = NULL;
301 : static const char *progname;
302 :
303 : #define WSEP '@' /* weight separator */
304 :
305 : static volatile sig_atomic_t timer_exceeded = false; /* flag from signal
306 : * handler */
307 :
308 : /*
309 : * We don't want to allocate variables one by one; for efficiency, add a
310 : * constant margin each time it overflows.
311 : */
312 : #define VARIABLES_ALLOC_MARGIN 8
313 :
314 : /*
315 : * Variable definitions.
316 : *
317 : * If a variable only has a string value, "svalue" is that value, and value is
318 : * "not set". If the value is known, "value" contains the value (in any
319 : * variant).
320 : *
321 : * In this case "svalue" contains the string equivalent of the value, if we've
322 : * had occasion to compute that, or NULL if we haven't.
323 : */
324 : typedef struct
325 : {
326 : char *name; /* variable's name */
327 : char *svalue; /* its value in string form, if known */
328 : PgBenchValue value; /* actual variable's value */
329 : } Variable;
330 :
331 : /*
332 : * Data structure for client variables.
333 : */
334 : typedef struct
335 : {
336 : Variable *vars; /* array of variable definitions */
337 : int nvars; /* number of variables */
338 :
339 : /*
340 : * The maximum number of variables that we can currently store in 'vars'
341 : * without having to reallocate more space. We must always have max_vars
342 : * >= nvars.
343 : */
344 : int max_vars;
345 :
346 : bool vars_sorted; /* are variables sorted by name? */
347 : } Variables;
348 :
349 : #define MAX_SCRIPTS 128 /* max number of SQL scripts allowed */
350 : #define SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE 256 /* maximum size allowed for shell command */
351 :
352 : /*
353 : * Simple data structure to keep stats about something.
354 : *
355 : * XXX probably the first value should be kept and used as an offset for
356 : * better numerical stability...
357 : */
358 : typedef struct SimpleStats
359 : {
360 : int64 count; /* how many values were encountered */
361 : double min; /* the minimum seen */
362 : double max; /* the maximum seen */
363 : double sum; /* sum of values */
364 : double sum2; /* sum of squared values */
365 : } SimpleStats;
366 :
367 : /*
368 : * The instr_time type is expensive when dealing with time arithmetic. Define
369 : * a type to hold microseconds instead. Type int64 is good enough for about
370 : * 584500 years.
371 : */
372 : typedef int64 pg_time_usec_t;
373 :
374 : /*
375 : * Data structure to hold various statistics: per-thread and per-script stats
376 : * are maintained and merged together.
377 : */
378 : typedef struct StatsData
379 : {
380 : pg_time_usec_t start_time; /* interval start time, for aggregates */
381 :
382 : /*----------
383 : * Transactions are counted depending on their execution and outcome.
384 : * First a transaction may have started or not: skipped transactions occur
385 : * under --rate and --latency-limit when the client is too late to execute
386 : * them. Secondly, a started transaction may ultimately succeed or fail,
387 : * possibly after some retries when --max-tries is not one. Thus
388 : *
389 : * the number of all transactions =
390 : * 'skipped' (it was too late to execute them) +
391 : * 'cnt' (the number of successful transactions) +
392 : * 'failed' (the number of failed transactions).
393 : *
394 : * A successful transaction can have several unsuccessful tries before a
395 : * successful run. Thus
396 : *
397 : * 'cnt' (the number of successful transactions) =
398 : * successfully retried transactions (they got a serialization or a
399 : * deadlock error(s), but were
400 : * successfully retried from the very
401 : * beginning) +
402 : * directly successful transactions (they were successfully completed on
403 : * the first try).
404 : *
405 : * 'failed' (the number of failed transactions) =
406 : * 'serialization_failures' (they got a serialization error and were not
407 : * successfully retried) +
408 : * 'deadlock_failures' (they got a deadlock error and were not
409 : * successfully retried) +
410 : * 'other_sql_failures' (they failed on the first try or after retries
411 : * due to a SQL error other than serialization or
412 : * deadlock; they are counted as a failed transaction
413 : * only when --continue-on-error is specified).
414 : *
415 : * If the transaction was retried after a serialization or a deadlock
416 : * error this does not guarantee that this retry was successful. Thus
417 : *
418 : * 'retries' (number of retries) =
419 : * number of retries in all retried transactions =
420 : * number of retries in (successfully retried transactions +
421 : * failed transactions);
422 : *
423 : * 'retried' (number of all retried transactions) =
424 : * successfully retried transactions +
425 : * unsuccessful retried transactions.
426 : *----------
427 : */
428 : int64 cnt; /* number of successful transactions, not
429 : * including 'skipped' */
430 : int64 skipped; /* number of transactions skipped under --rate
431 : * and --latency-limit */
432 : int64 retries; /* number of retries after a serialization or
433 : * a deadlock error in all the transactions */
434 : int64 retried; /* number of all transactions that were
435 : * retried after a serialization or a deadlock
436 : * error (perhaps the last try was
437 : * unsuccessful) */
438 : int64 serialization_failures; /* number of transactions that were
439 : * not successfully retried after a
440 : * serialization error */
441 : int64 deadlock_failures; /* number of transactions that were not
442 : * successfully retried after a deadlock
443 : * error */
444 : int64 other_sql_failures; /* number of failed transactions for
445 : * reasons other than
446 : * serialization/deadlock failure, which
447 : * is counted if --continue-on-error is
448 : * specified */
449 : SimpleStats latency;
450 : SimpleStats lag;
451 : } StatsData;
452 :
453 : /*
454 : * For displaying Unix epoch timestamps, as some time functions may have
455 : * another reference.
456 : */
457 : static pg_time_usec_t epoch_shift;
458 :
459 : /*
460 : * Error status for errors during script execution.
461 : */
462 : typedef enum EStatus
463 : {
464 : ESTATUS_NO_ERROR = 0,
465 : ESTATUS_META_COMMAND_ERROR,
466 : ESTATUS_CONN_ERROR,
467 :
468 : /* SQL errors */
469 : ESTATUS_SERIALIZATION_ERROR,
470 : ESTATUS_DEADLOCK_ERROR,
471 : ESTATUS_OTHER_SQL_ERROR,
472 : } EStatus;
473 :
474 : /*
475 : * Transaction status at the end of a command.
476 : */
477 : typedef enum TStatus
478 : {
479 : TSTATUS_IDLE,
480 : TSTATUS_IN_BLOCK,
481 : TSTATUS_CONN_ERROR,
482 : TSTATUS_OTHER_ERROR,
483 : } TStatus;
484 :
485 : /* Various random sequences are initialized from this one. */
486 : static pg_prng_state base_random_sequence;
487 :
488 : /* Synchronization barrier for start and connection */
489 : static THREAD_BARRIER_T barrier;
490 :
491 : /*
492 : * Connection state machine states.
493 : */
494 : typedef enum
495 : {
496 : /*
497 : * The client must first choose a script to execute. Once chosen, it can
498 : * either be throttled (state CSTATE_PREPARE_THROTTLE under --rate), start
499 : * right away (state CSTATE_START_TX) or not start at all if the timer was
500 : * exceeded (state CSTATE_FINISHED).
501 : */
502 : CSTATE_CHOOSE_SCRIPT,
503 :
504 : /*
505 : * CSTATE_START_TX performs start-of-transaction processing. Establishes
506 : * a new connection for the transaction in --connect mode, records the
507 : * transaction start time, and proceed to the first command.
508 : *
509 : * Note: once a script is started, it will either error or run till its
510 : * end, where it may be interrupted. It is not interrupted while running,
511 : * so pgbench --time is to be understood as tx are allowed to start in
512 : * that time, and will finish when their work is completed.
513 : */
514 : CSTATE_START_TX,
515 :
516 : /*
517 : * In CSTATE_PREPARE_THROTTLE state, we calculate when to begin the next
518 : * transaction, and advance to CSTATE_THROTTLE. CSTATE_THROTTLE state
519 : * sleeps until that moment, then advances to CSTATE_START_TX, or
520 : * CSTATE_FINISHED if the next transaction would start beyond the end of
521 : * the run.
522 : */
523 : CSTATE_PREPARE_THROTTLE,
524 : CSTATE_THROTTLE,
525 :
526 : /*
527 : * We loop through these states, to process each command in the script:
528 : *
529 : * CSTATE_START_COMMAND starts the execution of a command. On a SQL
530 : * command, the command is sent to the server, and we move to
531 : * CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT state unless in pipeline mode. On a \sleep
532 : * meta-command, the timer is set, and we enter the CSTATE_SLEEP state to
533 : * wait for it to expire. Other meta-commands are executed immediately. If
534 : * the command about to start is actually beyond the end of the script,
535 : * advance to CSTATE_END_TX.
536 : *
537 : * CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT waits until we get a result set back from the server
538 : * for the current command.
539 : *
540 : * CSTATE_SLEEP waits until the end of \sleep.
541 : *
542 : * CSTATE_END_COMMAND records the end-of-command timestamp, increments the
543 : * command counter, and loops back to CSTATE_START_COMMAND state.
544 : *
545 : * CSTATE_SKIP_COMMAND is used by conditional branches which are not
546 : * executed. It quickly skip commands that do not need any evaluation.
547 : * This state can move forward several commands, till there is something
548 : * to do or the end of the script.
549 : */
550 : CSTATE_START_COMMAND,
551 : CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT,
552 : CSTATE_SLEEP,
553 : CSTATE_END_COMMAND,
554 : CSTATE_SKIP_COMMAND,
555 :
556 : /*
557 : * States for failed commands.
558 : *
559 : * If the SQL/meta command fails, in CSTATE_ERROR clean up after an error:
560 : * (1) clear the conditional stack; (2) if we have an unterminated
561 : * (possibly failed) transaction block, send the rollback command to the
562 : * server and wait for the result in CSTATE_WAIT_ROLLBACK_RESULT. If
563 : * something goes wrong with rolling back, go to CSTATE_ABORTED.
564 : *
565 : * But if everything is ok we are ready for future transactions: if this
566 : * is a serialization or deadlock error and we can re-execute the
567 : * transaction from the very beginning, go to CSTATE_RETRY; otherwise go
568 : * to CSTATE_FAILURE.
569 : *
570 : * In CSTATE_RETRY report an error, set the same parameters for the
571 : * transaction execution as in the previous tries and process the first
572 : * transaction command in CSTATE_START_COMMAND.
573 : *
574 : * In CSTATE_FAILURE report a failure, set the parameters for the
575 : * transaction execution as they were before the first run of this
576 : * transaction (except for a random state) and go to CSTATE_END_TX to
577 : * complete this transaction.
578 : */
579 : CSTATE_ERROR,
580 : CSTATE_WAIT_ROLLBACK_RESULT,
581 : CSTATE_RETRY,
582 : CSTATE_FAILURE,
583 :
584 : /*
585 : * CSTATE_END_TX performs end-of-transaction processing. It calculates
586 : * latency, and logs the transaction. In --connect mode, it closes the
587 : * current connection.
588 : *
589 : * Then either starts over in CSTATE_CHOOSE_SCRIPT, or enters
590 : * CSTATE_FINISHED if we have no more work to do.
591 : */
592 : CSTATE_END_TX,
593 :
594 : /*
595 : * Final states. CSTATE_ABORTED means that the script execution was
596 : * aborted because a command failed, CSTATE_FINISHED means success.
597 : */
598 : CSTATE_ABORTED,
599 : CSTATE_FINISHED,
600 : } ConnectionStateEnum;
601 :
602 : /*
603 : * Connection state.
604 : */
605 : typedef struct
606 : {
607 : PGconn *con; /* connection handle to DB */
608 : int id; /* client No. */
609 : ConnectionStateEnum state; /* state machine's current state. */
610 : ConditionalStack cstack; /* enclosing conditionals state */
611 :
612 : /*
613 : * Separate randomness for each client. This is used for random functions
614 : * PGBENCH_RANDOM_* during the execution of the script.
615 : */
616 : pg_prng_state cs_func_rs;
617 :
618 : int use_file; /* index in sql_script for this client */
619 : int command; /* command number in script */
620 : int num_syncs; /* number of ongoing sync commands */
621 :
622 : /* client variables */
623 : Variables variables;
624 :
625 : /* various times about current transaction in microseconds */
626 : pg_time_usec_t txn_scheduled; /* scheduled start time of transaction */
627 : pg_time_usec_t sleep_until; /* scheduled start time of next cmd */
628 : pg_time_usec_t txn_begin; /* used for measuring schedule lag times */
629 : pg_time_usec_t stmt_begin; /* used for measuring statement latencies */
630 :
631 : /* whether client prepared each command of each script */
632 : bool **prepared;
633 :
634 : /*
635 : * For processing failures and repeating transactions with serialization
636 : * or deadlock errors:
637 : */
638 : EStatus estatus; /* the error status of the current transaction
639 : * execution; this is ESTATUS_NO_ERROR if
640 : * there were no errors */
641 : pg_prng_state random_state; /* random state */
642 : uint32 tries; /* how many times have we already tried the
643 : * current transaction? */
644 :
645 : /* per client collected stats */
646 : int64 cnt; /* client transaction count, for -t; skipped
647 : * and failed transactions are also counted
648 : * here */
649 : } CState;
650 :
651 : /*
652 : * Thread state
653 : */
654 : typedef struct
655 : {
656 : int tid; /* thread id */
657 : THREAD_T thread; /* thread handle */
658 : CState *state; /* array of CState */
659 : int nstate; /* length of state[] */
660 :
661 : /*
662 : * Separate randomness for each thread. Each thread option uses its own
663 : * random state to make all of them independent of each other and
664 : * therefore deterministic at the thread level.
665 : */
666 : pg_prng_state ts_choose_rs; /* random state for selecting a script */
667 : pg_prng_state ts_throttle_rs; /* random state for transaction throttling */
668 : pg_prng_state ts_sample_rs; /* random state for log sampling */
669 :
670 : int64 throttle_trigger; /* previous/next throttling (us) */
671 : FILE *logfile; /* where to log, or NULL */
672 :
673 : /* per thread collected stats in microseconds */
674 : pg_time_usec_t create_time; /* thread creation time */
675 : pg_time_usec_t started_time; /* thread is running */
676 : pg_time_usec_t bench_start; /* thread is benchmarking */
677 : pg_time_usec_t conn_duration; /* cumulated connection and disconnection
678 : * delays */
679 :
680 : StatsData stats;
681 : int64 latency_late; /* count executed but late transactions */
682 : } TState;
683 :
684 : /*
685 : * queries read from files
686 : */
687 : #define SQL_COMMAND 1
688 : #define META_COMMAND 2
689 :
690 : /*
691 : * max number of backslash command arguments or SQL variables,
692 : * including the command or SQL statement itself
693 : */
694 : #define MAX_ARGS 256
695 :
696 : typedef enum MetaCommand
697 : {
698 : META_NONE, /* not a known meta-command */
699 : META_SET, /* \set */
700 : META_SETSHELL, /* \setshell */
701 : META_SHELL, /* \shell */
702 : META_SLEEP, /* \sleep */
703 : META_GSET, /* \gset */
704 : META_ASET, /* \aset */
705 : META_IF, /* \if */
706 : META_ELIF, /* \elif */
707 : META_ELSE, /* \else */
708 : META_ENDIF, /* \endif */
709 : META_STARTPIPELINE, /* \startpipeline */
710 : META_SYNCPIPELINE, /* \syncpipeline */
711 : META_ENDPIPELINE, /* \endpipeline */
712 : } MetaCommand;
713 :
714 : typedef enum QueryMode
715 : {
716 : QUERY_SIMPLE, /* simple query */
717 : QUERY_EXTENDED, /* extended query */
718 : QUERY_PREPARED, /* extended query with prepared statements */
719 : NUM_QUERYMODE
720 : } QueryMode;
721 :
722 : static QueryMode querymode = QUERY_SIMPLE;
723 : static const char *const QUERYMODE[] = {"simple", "extended", "prepared"};
724 :
725 : /*
726 : * struct Command represents one command in a script.
727 : *
728 : * lines The raw, possibly multi-line command text. Variable substitution
729 : * not applied.
730 : * first_line A short, single-line extract of 'lines', for error reporting.
731 : * type SQL_COMMAND or META_COMMAND
732 : * meta The type of meta-command, with META_NONE/GSET/ASET if command
733 : * is SQL.
734 : * argc Number of arguments of the command, 0 if not yet processed.
735 : * argv Command arguments, the first of which is the command or SQL
736 : * string itself. For SQL commands, after post-processing
737 : * argv[0] is the same as 'lines' with variables substituted.
738 : * prepname The name that this command is prepared under, in prepare mode
739 : * varprefix SQL commands terminated with \gset or \aset have this set
740 : * to a non NULL value. If nonempty, it's used to prefix the
741 : * variable name that receives the value.
742 : * aset do gset on all possible queries of a combined query (\;).
743 : * expr Parsed expression, if needed.
744 : * stats Time spent in this command.
745 : * retries Number of retries after a serialization or deadlock error in the
746 : * current command.
747 : * failures Number of errors in the current command that were not retried.
748 : */
749 : typedef struct Command
750 : {
751 : PQExpBufferData lines;
752 : char *first_line;
753 : int type;
754 : MetaCommand meta;
755 : int argc;
756 : char *argv[MAX_ARGS];
757 : char *prepname;
758 : char *varprefix;
759 : PgBenchExpr *expr;
760 : SimpleStats stats;
761 : int64 retries;
762 : int64 failures;
763 : } Command;
764 :
765 : typedef struct ParsedScript
766 : {
767 : const char *desc; /* script descriptor (eg, file name) */
768 : int weight; /* selection weight */
769 : Command **commands; /* NULL-terminated array of Commands */
770 : StatsData stats; /* total time spent in script */
771 : } ParsedScript;
772 :
773 : static ParsedScript sql_script[MAX_SCRIPTS]; /* SQL script files */
774 : static int num_scripts; /* number of scripts in sql_script[] */
775 : static int64 total_weight = 0;
776 :
777 : static bool verbose_errors = false; /* print verbose messages of all errors */
778 :
779 : static bool exit_on_abort = false; /* exit when any client is aborted */
780 : static bool continue_on_error = false; /* continue after errors */
781 :
782 : /* Builtin test scripts */
783 : typedef struct BuiltinScript
784 : {
785 : const char *name; /* very short name for -b ... */
786 : const char *desc; /* short description */
787 : const char *script; /* actual pgbench script */
788 : } BuiltinScript;
789 :
790 : static const BuiltinScript builtin_script[] =
791 : {
792 : {
793 : "tpcb-like",
794 : "<builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>",
795 : "\\set aid random(1, " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale)\n"
796 : "\\set bid random(1, " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale)\n"
797 : "\\set tid random(1, " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale)\n"
798 : "\\set delta random(-5000, 5000)\n"
799 : "BEGIN;\n"
800 : "UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
801 : "SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
802 : "UPDATE pgbench_tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + :delta WHERE tid = :tid;\n"
803 : "UPDATE pgbench_branches SET bbalance = bbalance + :delta WHERE bid = :bid;\n"
804 : "INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
805 : "END;\n"
806 : },
807 : {
808 : "simple-update",
809 : "<builtin: simple update>",
810 : "\\set aid random(1, " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale)\n"
811 : "\\set bid random(1, " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale)\n"
812 : "\\set tid random(1, " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale)\n"
813 : "\\set delta random(-5000, 5000)\n"
814 : "BEGIN;\n"
815 : "UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
816 : "SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
817 : "INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
818 : "END;\n"
819 : },
820 : {
821 : "select-only",
822 : "<builtin: select only>",
823 : "\\set aid random(1, " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale)\n"
824 : "SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
825 : }
826 : };
827 :
828 :
829 : /* Function prototypes */
830 : static void setNullValue(PgBenchValue *pv);
831 : static void setBoolValue(PgBenchValue *pv, bool bval);
832 : static void setIntValue(PgBenchValue *pv, int64 ival);
833 : static void setDoubleValue(PgBenchValue *pv, double dval);
834 : static bool evaluateExpr(CState *st, PgBenchExpr *expr,
835 : PgBenchValue *retval);
836 : static ConnectionStateEnum executeMetaCommand(CState *st, pg_time_usec_t *now);
837 : static void doLog(TState *thread, CState *st,
838 : StatsData *agg, bool skipped, double latency, double lag);
839 : static void processXactStats(TState *thread, CState *st, pg_time_usec_t *now,
840 : bool skipped, StatsData *agg);
841 : static void addScript(const ParsedScript *script);
842 : static THREAD_FUNC_RETURN_TYPE THREAD_FUNC_CC threadRun(void *arg);
843 : static void finishCon(CState *st);
844 : static void setalarm(int seconds);
845 : static socket_set *alloc_socket_set(int count);
846 : static void free_socket_set(socket_set *sa);
847 : static void clear_socket_set(socket_set *sa);
848 : static void add_socket_to_set(socket_set *sa, int fd, int idx);
849 : static int wait_on_socket_set(socket_set *sa, int64 usecs);
850 : static bool socket_has_input(socket_set *sa, int fd, int idx);
851 :
852 : /* callback used to build rows for COPY during data loading */
853 : typedef void (*initRowMethod) (PQExpBufferData *sql, int64 curr);
854 :
855 : /* callback functions for our flex lexer */
856 : static const PsqlScanCallbacks pgbench_callbacks = {
857 : NULL, /* don't need get_variable functionality */
858 : };
859 :
860 : static char
861 12 : get_table_relkind(PGconn *con, const char *table)
862 : {
863 : PGresult *res;
864 : char *val;
865 : char relkind;
866 12 : const char *params[1] = {table};
867 12 : const char *sql =
868 : "SELECT relkind FROM pg_catalog.pg_class WHERE oid=$1::pg_catalog.regclass";
869 :
870 12 : res = PQexecParams(con, sql, 1, NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
871 12 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
872 : {
873 0 : pg_log_error("query failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(con));
874 0 : pg_log_error_detail("Query was: %s", sql);
875 0 : exit(1);
876 : }
877 12 : val = PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0);
878 : Assert(strlen(val) == 1);
879 12 : relkind = val[0];
880 12 : PQclear(res);
881 :
882 12 : return relkind;
883 : }
884 :
885 : static inline pg_time_usec_t
886 23606 : pg_time_now(void)
887 : {
888 : instr_time now;
889 :
890 23606 : INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
891 :
892 23606 : return (pg_time_usec_t) INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
893 : }
894 :
895 : static inline void
896 21308 : pg_time_now_lazy(pg_time_usec_t *now)
897 : {
898 21308 : if ((*now) == 0)
899 19264 : (*now) = pg_time_now();
900 21308 : }
901 :
902 : #define PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(t) (0.000001 * (t))
903 :
904 : static void
905 2 : usage(void)
906 : {
907 2 : printf("%s is a benchmarking tool for PostgreSQL.\n\n"
908 : "Usage:\n"
909 : " %s [OPTION]... [DBNAME]\n"
910 : "\nInitialization options:\n"
911 : " -i, --initialize invokes initialization mode\n"
912 : " -I, --init-steps=[" ALL_INIT_STEPS "]+ (default \"" DEFAULT_INIT_STEPS "\")\n"
913 : " run selected initialization steps, in the specified order\n"
914 : " d: drop any existing pgbench tables\n"
915 : " t: create the tables used by the standard pgbench scenario\n"
916 : " g: generate data, client-side\n"
917 : " G: generate data, server-side\n"
918 : " v: invoke VACUUM on the standard tables\n"
919 : " p: create primary key indexes on the standard tables\n"
920 : " f: create foreign keys between the standard tables\n"
921 : " -F, --fillfactor=NUM set fill factor\n"
922 : " -n, --no-vacuum do not run VACUUM during initialization\n"
923 : " -q, --quiet quiet logging (one message each 5 seconds)\n"
924 : " -s, --scale=NUM scaling factor\n"
925 : " --foreign-keys create foreign key constraints between tables\n"
926 : " --index-tablespace=TABLESPACE\n"
927 : " create indexes in the specified tablespace\n"
928 : " --partition-method=(range|hash)\n"
929 : " partition pgbench_accounts with this method (default: range)\n"
930 : " --partitions=NUM partition pgbench_accounts into NUM parts (default: 0)\n"
931 : " --tablespace=TABLESPACE create tables in the specified tablespace\n"
932 : " --unlogged-tables create tables as unlogged tables\n"
933 : "\nOptions to select what to run:\n"
934 : " -b, --builtin=NAME[@W] add builtin script NAME weighted at W (default: 1)\n"
935 : " (use \"-b list\" to list available scripts)\n"
936 : " -f, --file=FILENAME[@W] add script FILENAME weighted at W (default: 1)\n"
937 : " -N, --skip-some-updates skip updates of pgbench_tellers and pgbench_branches\n"
938 : " (same as \"-b simple-update\")\n"
939 : " -S, --select-only perform SELECT-only transactions\n"
940 : " (same as \"-b select-only\")\n"
941 : "\nBenchmarking options:\n"
942 : " -c, --client=NUM number of concurrent database clients (default: 1)\n"
943 : " -C, --connect establish new connection for each transaction\n"
944 : " -D, --define=VARNAME=VALUE\n"
945 : " define variable for use by custom script\n"
946 : " -j, --jobs=NUM number of threads (default: 1)\n"
947 : " -l, --log write transaction times to log file\n"
948 : " -L, --latency-limit=NUM count transactions lasting more than NUM ms as late\n"
949 : " -M, --protocol=simple|extended|prepared\n"
950 : " protocol for submitting queries (default: simple)\n"
951 : " -n, --no-vacuum do not run VACUUM before tests\n"
952 : " -P, --progress=NUM show thread progress report every NUM seconds\n"
953 : " -r, --report-per-command report latencies, failures, and retries per command\n"
954 : " -R, --rate=NUM target rate in transactions per second\n"
955 : " -s, --scale=NUM report this scale factor in output\n"
956 : " -t, --transactions=NUM number of transactions each client runs (default: 10)\n"
957 : " -T, --time=NUM duration of benchmark test in seconds\n"
958 : " -v, --vacuum-all vacuum all four standard tables before tests\n"
959 : " --aggregate-interval=NUM aggregate data over NUM seconds\n"
960 : " --continue-on-error continue running after an SQL error\n"
961 : " --exit-on-abort exit when any client is aborted\n"
962 : " --failures-detailed report the failures grouped by basic types\n"
963 : " --log-prefix=PREFIX prefix for transaction time log file\n"
964 : " (default: \"pgbench_log\")\n"
965 : " --max-tries=NUM max number of tries to run transaction (default: 1)\n"
966 : " --progress-timestamp use Unix epoch timestamps for progress\n"
967 : " --random-seed=SEED set random seed (\"time\", \"rand\", integer)\n"
968 : " --sampling-rate=NUM fraction of transactions to log (e.g., 0.01 for 1%%)\n"
969 : " --show-script=NAME show builtin script code, then exit\n"
970 : " --verbose-errors print messages of all errors\n"
971 : "\nCommon options:\n"
972 : " --debug print debugging output\n"
973 : " -d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to\n"
974 : " -h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory\n"
975 : " -p, --port=PORT database server port number\n"
976 : " -U, --username=USERNAME connect as specified database user\n"
977 : " -V, --version output version information, then exit\n"
978 : " -?, --help show this help, then exit\n"
979 : "\n"
980 : "Report bugs to <%s>.\n"
981 : "%s home page: <%s>\n",
982 : progname, progname, PACKAGE_BUGREPORT, PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_URL);
983 2 : }
984 :
985 : /*
986 : * Return whether str matches "^\s*[-+]?[0-9]+$"
987 : *
988 : * This should agree with strtoint64() on what's accepted, ignoring overflows.
989 : */
990 : static bool
991 1042 : is_an_int(const char *str)
992 : {
993 1042 : const char *ptr = str;
994 :
995 : /* skip leading spaces */
996 1042 : while (*ptr && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
997 0 : ptr++;
998 :
999 : /* skip sign */
1000 1042 : if (*ptr == '+' || *ptr == '-')
1001 6 : ptr++;
1002 :
1003 : /* at least one digit */
1004 1042 : if (*ptr && !isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
1005 4 : return false;
1006 :
1007 : /* eat all digits */
1008 2186 : while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
1009 1148 : ptr++;
1010 :
1011 : /* must have reached end of string */
1012 1038 : return *ptr == '\0';
1013 : }
1014 :
1015 :
1016 : /*
1017 : * strtoint64 -- convert a string to 64-bit integer
1018 : *
1019 : * The function returns whether the conversion worked, and if so
1020 : * "*result" is set to the result.
1021 : *
1022 : * If not errorOK, an error message is also printed out on errors.
1023 : */
1024 : bool
1025 2630 : strtoint64(const char *str, bool errorOK, int64 *result)
1026 : {
1027 : char *end;
1028 :
1029 2630 : errno = 0;
1030 2630 : *result = strtoi64(str, &end, 10);
1031 :
1032 2630 : if (unlikely(errno == ERANGE))
1033 : {
1034 2 : if (!errorOK)
1035 0 : pg_log_error("value \"%s\" is out of range for type bigint", str);
1036 2 : return false;
1037 : }
1038 :
1039 2628 : if (unlikely(errno != 0 || end == str || *end != '\0'))
1040 : {
1041 0 : if (!errorOK)
1042 0 : pg_log_error("invalid input syntax for type bigint: \"%s\"", str);
1043 0 : return false;
1044 : }
1045 2628 : return true;
1046 : }
1047 :
1048 : /* convert string to double, detecting overflows/underflows */
1049 : bool
1050 132 : strtodouble(const char *str, bool errorOK, double *dv)
1051 : {
1052 : char *end;
1053 :
1054 132 : errno = 0;
1055 132 : *dv = strtod(str, &end);
1056 :
1057 132 : if (unlikely(errno == ERANGE))
1058 : {
1059 4 : if (!errorOK)
1060 0 : pg_log_error("value \"%s\" is out of range for type double", str);
1061 4 : return false;
1062 : }
1063 :
1064 128 : if (unlikely(errno != 0 || end == str || *end != '\0'))
1065 : {
1066 4 : if (!errorOK)
1067 0 : pg_log_error("invalid input syntax for type double: \"%s\"", str);
1068 4 : return false;
1069 : }
1070 124 : return true;
1071 : }
1072 :
1073 : /*
1074 : * Initialize a prng state struct.
1075 : *
1076 : * We derive the seed from base_random_sequence, which must be set up already.
1077 : */
1078 : static void
1079 794 : initRandomState(pg_prng_state *state)
1080 : {
1081 794 : pg_prng_seed(state, pg_prng_uint64(&base_random_sequence));
1082 794 : }
1083 :
1084 :
1085 : /*
1086 : * random number generator: uniform distribution from min to max inclusive.
1087 : *
1088 : * Although the limits are expressed as int64, you can't generate the full
1089 : * int64 range in one call, because the difference of the limits mustn't
1090 : * overflow int64. This is not checked.
1091 : */
1092 : static int64
1093 5646 : getrand(pg_prng_state *state, int64 min, int64 max)
1094 : {
1095 5646 : return min + (int64) pg_prng_uint64_range(state, 0, max - min);
1096 : }
1097 :
1098 : /*
1099 : * random number generator: exponential distribution from min to max inclusive.
1100 : * the parameter is so that the density of probability for the last cut-off max
1101 : * value is exp(-parameter).
1102 : */
1103 : static int64
1104 6 : getExponentialRand(pg_prng_state *state, int64 min, int64 max,
1105 : double parameter)
1106 : {
1107 : double cut,
1108 : uniform,
1109 : rand;
1110 :
1111 : /* abort if wrong parameter, but must really be checked beforehand */
1112 : Assert(parameter > 0.0);
1113 6 : cut = exp(-parameter);
1114 : /* pg_prng_double value in [0, 1), uniform in (0, 1] */
1115 6 : uniform = 1.0 - pg_prng_double(state);
1116 :
1117 : /*
1118 : * inner expression in (cut, 1] (if parameter > 0), rand in [0, 1)
1119 : */
1120 : Assert((1.0 - cut) != 0.0);
1121 6 : rand = -log(cut + (1.0 - cut) * uniform) / parameter;
1122 : /* return int64 random number within between min and max */
1123 6 : return min + (int64) ((max - min + 1) * rand);
1124 : }
1125 :
1126 : /* random number generator: gaussian distribution from min to max inclusive */
1127 : static int64
1128 6 : getGaussianRand(pg_prng_state *state, int64 min, int64 max,
1129 : double parameter)
1130 : {
1131 : double stdev;
1132 : double rand;
1133 :
1134 : /* abort if parameter is too low, but must really be checked beforehand */
1135 : Assert(parameter >= MIN_GAUSSIAN_PARAM);
1136 :
1137 : /*
1138 : * Get normally-distributed random number in the range -parameter <= stdev
1139 : * < parameter.
1140 : *
1141 : * This loop is executed until the number is in the expected range.
1142 : *
1143 : * As the minimum parameter is 2.0, the probability of looping is low:
1144 : * sqrt(-2 ln(r)) <= 2 => r >= e^{-2} ~ 0.135, then when taking the
1145 : * average sinus multiplier as 2/pi, we have a 8.6% looping probability in
1146 : * the worst case. For a parameter value of 5.0, the looping probability
1147 : * is about e^{-5} * 2 / pi ~ 0.43%.
1148 : */
1149 : do
1150 : {
1151 6 : stdev = pg_prng_double_normal(state);
1152 : }
1153 6 : while (stdev < -parameter || stdev >= parameter);
1154 :
1155 : /* stdev is in [-parameter, parameter), normalization to [0,1) */
1156 6 : rand = (stdev + parameter) / (parameter * 2.0);
1157 :
1158 : /* return int64 random number within between min and max */
1159 6 : return min + (int64) ((max - min + 1) * rand);
1160 : }
1161 :
1162 : /*
1163 : * random number generator: generate a value, such that the series of values
1164 : * will approximate a Poisson distribution centered on the given value.
1165 : *
1166 : * Individual results are rounded to integers, though the center value need
1167 : * not be one.
1168 : */
1169 : static int64
1170 420 : getPoissonRand(pg_prng_state *state, double center)
1171 : {
1172 : /*
1173 : * Use inverse transform sampling to generate a value > 0, such that the
1174 : * expected (i.e. average) value is the given argument.
1175 : */
1176 : double uniform;
1177 :
1178 : /* pg_prng_double value in [0, 1), uniform in (0, 1] */
1179 420 : uniform = 1.0 - pg_prng_double(state);
1180 :
1181 420 : return (int64) (-log(uniform) * center + 0.5);
1182 : }
1183 :
1184 : /*
1185 : * Computing zipfian using rejection method, based on
1186 : * "Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation",
1187 : * Luc Devroye, p. 550-551, Springer 1986.
1188 : *
1189 : * This works for s > 1.0, but may perform badly for s very close to 1.0.
1190 : */
1191 : static int64
1192 6 : computeIterativeZipfian(pg_prng_state *state, int64 n, double s)
1193 : {
1194 6 : double b = pow(2.0, s - 1.0);
1195 : double x,
1196 : t,
1197 : u,
1198 : v;
1199 :
1200 : /* Ensure n is sane */
1201 6 : if (n <= 1)
1202 0 : return 1;
1203 :
1204 : while (true)
1205 : {
1206 : /* random variates */
1207 6 : u = pg_prng_double(state);
1208 6 : v = pg_prng_double(state);
1209 :
1210 6 : x = floor(pow(u, -1.0 / (s - 1.0)));
1211 :
1212 6 : t = pow(1.0 + 1.0 / x, s - 1.0);
1213 : /* reject if too large or out of bound */
1214 6 : if (v * x * (t - 1.0) / (b - 1.0) <= t / b && x <= n)
1215 6 : break;
1216 : }
1217 6 : return (int64) x;
1218 : }
1219 :
1220 : /* random number generator: zipfian distribution from min to max inclusive */
1221 : static int64
1222 6 : getZipfianRand(pg_prng_state *state, int64 min, int64 max, double s)
1223 : {
1224 6 : int64 n = max - min + 1;
1225 :
1226 : /* abort if parameter is invalid */
1227 : Assert(MIN_ZIPFIAN_PARAM <= s && s <= MAX_ZIPFIAN_PARAM);
1228 :
1229 6 : return min - 1 + computeIterativeZipfian(state, n, s);
1230 : }
1231 :
1232 : /*
1233 : * FNV-1a hash function
1234 : */
1235 : static int64
1236 2 : getHashFnv1a(int64 val, uint64 seed)
1237 : {
1238 : int64 result;
1239 : int i;
1240 :
1241 2 : result = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS ^ seed;
1242 18 : for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
1243 : {
1244 16 : int32 octet = val & 0xff;
1245 :
1246 16 : val = val >> 8;
1247 16 : result = result ^ octet;
1248 16 : result = result * FNV_PRIME;
1249 : }
1250 :
1251 2 : return result;
1252 : }
1253 :
1254 : /*
1255 : * Murmur2 hash function
1256 : *
1257 : * Based on original work of Austin Appleby
1258 : * https://github.com/aappleby/smhasher/blob/master/src/MurmurHash2.cpp
1259 : */
1260 : static int64
1261 10 : getHashMurmur2(int64 val, uint64 seed)
1262 : {
1263 10 : uint64 result = seed ^ MM2_MUL_TIMES_8; /* sizeof(int64) */
1264 10 : uint64 k = (uint64) val;
1265 :
1266 10 : k *= MM2_MUL;
1267 10 : k ^= k >> MM2_ROT;
1268 10 : k *= MM2_MUL;
1269 :
1270 10 : result ^= k;
1271 10 : result *= MM2_MUL;
1272 :
1273 10 : result ^= result >> MM2_ROT;
1274 10 : result *= MM2_MUL;
1275 10 : result ^= result >> MM2_ROT;
1276 :
1277 10 : return (int64) result;
1278 : }
1279 :
1280 : /*
1281 : * Pseudorandom permutation function
1282 : *
1283 : * For small sizes, this generates each of the (size!) possible permutations
1284 : * of integers in the range [0, size) with roughly equal probability. Once
1285 : * the size is larger than 20, the number of possible permutations exceeds the
1286 : * number of distinct states of the internal pseudorandom number generator,
1287 : * and so not all possible permutations can be generated, but the permutations
1288 : * chosen should continue to give the appearance of being random.
1289 : *
1290 : * THIS FUNCTION IS NOT CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY SECURE.
1291 : * DO NOT USE FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
1292 : */
1293 : static int64
1294 90 : permute(const int64 val, const int64 isize, const int64 seed)
1295 : {
1296 : /* using a high-end PRNG is probably overkill */
1297 : pg_prng_state state;
1298 : uint64 size;
1299 : uint64 v;
1300 : int masklen;
1301 : uint64 mask;
1302 : int i;
1303 :
1304 90 : if (isize < 2)
1305 2 : return 0; /* nothing to permute */
1306 :
1307 : /* Initialize prng state using the seed */
1308 88 : pg_prng_seed(&state, (uint64) seed);
1309 :
1310 : /* Computations are performed on unsigned values */
1311 88 : size = (uint64) isize;
1312 88 : v = (uint64) val % size;
1313 :
1314 : /* Mask to work modulo largest power of 2 less than or equal to size */
1315 88 : masklen = pg_leftmost_one_pos64(size);
1316 88 : mask = (((uint64) 1) << masklen) - 1;
1317 :
1318 : /*
1319 : * Permute the input value by applying several rounds of pseudorandom
1320 : * bijective transformations. The intention here is to distribute each
1321 : * input uniformly randomly across the range, and separate adjacent inputs
1322 : * approximately uniformly randomly from each other, leading to a fairly
1323 : * random overall choice of permutation.
1324 : *
1325 : * To separate adjacent inputs, we multiply by a random number modulo
1326 : * (mask + 1), which is a power of 2. For this to be a bijection, the
1327 : * multiplier must be odd. Since this is known to lead to less randomness
1328 : * in the lower bits, we also apply a rotation that shifts the topmost bit
1329 : * into the least significant bit. In the special cases where size <= 3,
1330 : * mask = 1 and each of these operations is actually a no-op, so we also
1331 : * XOR the value with a different random number to inject additional
1332 : * randomness. Since the size is generally not a power of 2, we apply
1333 : * this bijection on overlapping upper and lower halves of the input.
1334 : *
1335 : * To distribute the inputs uniformly across the range, we then also apply
1336 : * a random offset modulo the full range.
1337 : *
1338 : * Taken together, these operations resemble a modified linear
1339 : * congruential generator, as is commonly used in pseudorandom number
1340 : * generators. The number of rounds is fairly arbitrary, but six has been
1341 : * found empirically to give a fairly good tradeoff between performance
1342 : * and uniform randomness. For small sizes it selects each of the (size!)
1343 : * possible permutations with roughly equal probability. For larger
1344 : * sizes, not all permutations can be generated, but the intended random
1345 : * spread is still produced.
1346 : */
1347 616 : for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
1348 : {
1349 : uint64 m,
1350 : r,
1351 : t;
1352 :
1353 : /* Random multiply (by an odd number), XOR and rotate of lower half */
1354 528 : m = (pg_prng_uint64(&state) & mask) | 1;
1355 528 : r = pg_prng_uint64(&state) & mask;
1356 528 : if (v <= mask)
1357 : {
1358 438 : v = ((v * m) ^ r) & mask;
1359 438 : v = ((v << 1) & mask) | (v >> (masklen - 1));
1360 : }
1361 :
1362 : /* Random multiply (by an odd number), XOR and rotate of upper half */
1363 528 : m = (pg_prng_uint64(&state) & mask) | 1;
1364 528 : r = pg_prng_uint64(&state) & mask;
1365 528 : t = size - 1 - v;
1366 528 : if (t <= mask)
1367 : {
1368 470 : t = ((t * m) ^ r) & mask;
1369 470 : t = ((t << 1) & mask) | (t >> (masklen - 1));
1370 470 : v = size - 1 - t;
1371 : }
1372 :
1373 : /* Random offset */
1374 528 : r = pg_prng_uint64_range(&state, 0, size - 1);
1375 528 : v = (v + r) % size;
1376 : }
1377 :
1378 88 : return (int64) v;
1379 : }
1380 :
1381 : /*
1382 : * Initialize the given SimpleStats struct to all zeroes
1383 : */
1384 : static void
1385 4110 : initSimpleStats(SimpleStats *ss)
1386 : {
1387 4110 : memset(ss, 0, sizeof(SimpleStats));
1388 4110 : }
1389 :
1390 : /*
1391 : * Accumulate one value into a SimpleStats struct.
1392 : */
1393 : static void
1394 19088 : addToSimpleStats(SimpleStats *ss, double val)
1395 : {
1396 19088 : if (ss->count == 0 || val < ss->min)
1397 366 : ss->min = val;
1398 19088 : if (ss->count == 0 || val > ss->max)
1399 990 : ss->max = val;
1400 19088 : ss->count++;
1401 19088 : ss->sum += val;
1402 19088 : ss->sum2 += val * val;
1403 19088 : }
1404 :
1405 : /*
1406 : * Merge two SimpleStats objects
1407 : */
1408 : static void
1409 348 : mergeSimpleStats(SimpleStats *acc, SimpleStats *ss)
1410 : {
1411 348 : if (acc->count == 0 || ss->min < acc->min)
1412 348 : acc->min = ss->min;
1413 348 : if (acc->count == 0 || ss->max > acc->max)
1414 348 : acc->max = ss->max;
1415 348 : acc->count += ss->count;
1416 348 : acc->sum += ss->sum;
1417 348 : acc->sum2 += ss->sum2;
1418 348 : }
1419 :
1420 : /*
1421 : * Initialize a StatsData struct to mostly zeroes, with its start time set to
1422 : * the given value.
1423 : */
1424 : static void
1425 1098 : initStats(StatsData *sd, pg_time_usec_t start)
1426 : {
1427 1098 : sd->start_time = start;
1428 1098 : sd->cnt = 0;
1429 1098 : sd->skipped = 0;
1430 1098 : sd->retries = 0;
1431 1098 : sd->retried = 0;
1432 1098 : sd->serialization_failures = 0;
1433 1098 : sd->deadlock_failures = 0;
1434 1098 : sd->other_sql_failures = 0;
1435 1098 : initSimpleStats(&sd->latency);
1436 1098 : initSimpleStats(&sd->lag);
1437 1098 : }
1438 :
1439 : /*
1440 : * Accumulate one additional item into the given stats object.
1441 : */
1442 : static void
1443 17920 : accumStats(StatsData *stats, bool skipped, double lat, double lag,
1444 : EStatus estatus, int64 tries)
1445 : {
1446 : /* Record the skipped transaction */
1447 17920 : if (skipped)
1448 : {
1449 : /* no latency to record on skipped transactions */
1450 18 : stats->skipped++;
1451 18 : return;
1452 : }
1453 :
1454 : /*
1455 : * Record the number of retries regardless of whether the transaction was
1456 : * successful or failed.
1457 : */
1458 17902 : if (tries > 1)
1459 : {
1460 4 : stats->retries += (tries - 1);
1461 4 : stats->retried++;
1462 : }
1463 :
1464 17902 : switch (estatus)
1465 : {
1466 : /* Record the successful transaction */
1467 17884 : case ESTATUS_NO_ERROR:
1468 17884 : stats->cnt++;
1469 :
1470 17884 : addToSimpleStats(&stats->latency, lat);
1471 :
1472 : /* and possibly the same for schedule lag */
1473 17884 : if (throttle_delay)
1474 402 : addToSimpleStats(&stats->lag, lag);
1475 17884 : break;
1476 :
1477 : /* Record the failed transaction */
1478 0 : case ESTATUS_SERIALIZATION_ERROR:
1479 0 : stats->serialization_failures++;
1480 0 : break;
1481 0 : case ESTATUS_DEADLOCK_ERROR:
1482 0 : stats->deadlock_failures++;
1483 0 : break;
1484 18 : case ESTATUS_OTHER_SQL_ERROR:
1485 18 : stats->other_sql_failures++;
1486 18 : break;
1487 0 : default:
1488 : /* internal error which should never occur */
1489 0 : pg_fatal("unexpected error status: %d", estatus);
1490 : }
1491 : }
1492 :
1493 : /* call PQexec() and exit() on failure */
1494 : static void
1495 118 : executeStatement(PGconn *con, const char *sql)
1496 : {
1497 : PGresult *res;
1498 :
1499 118 : res = PQexec(con, sql);
1500 118 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
1501 : {
1502 0 : pg_log_error("query failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(con));
1503 0 : pg_log_error_detail("Query was: %s", sql);
1504 0 : exit(1);
1505 : }
1506 118 : PQclear(res);
1507 118 : }
1508 :
1509 : /* call PQexec() and complain, but without exiting, on failure */
1510 : static void
1511 66 : tryExecuteStatement(PGconn *con, const char *sql)
1512 : {
1513 : PGresult *res;
1514 :
1515 66 : res = PQexec(con, sql);
1516 66 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
1517 : {
1518 0 : pg_log_error("%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
1519 0 : pg_log_error_detail("(ignoring this error and continuing anyway)");
1520 : }
1521 66 : PQclear(res);
1522 66 : }
1523 :
1524 : /* set up a connection to the backend */
1525 : static PGconn *
1526 648 : doConnect(void)
1527 : {
1528 : PGconn *conn;
1529 : bool new_pass;
1530 : static char *password = NULL;
1531 :
1532 : /*
1533 : * Start the connection. Loop until we have a password if requested by
1534 : * backend.
1535 : */
1536 : do
1537 : {
1538 : #define PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE 7
1539 :
1540 : const char *keywords[PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE];
1541 : const char *values[PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE];
1542 :
1543 648 : keywords[0] = "host";
1544 648 : values[0] = pghost;
1545 648 : keywords[1] = "port";
1546 648 : values[1] = pgport;
1547 648 : keywords[2] = "user";
1548 648 : values[2] = username;
1549 648 : keywords[3] = "password";
1550 648 : values[3] = password;
1551 648 : keywords[4] = "dbname";
1552 648 : values[4] = dbName;
1553 648 : keywords[5] = "fallback_application_name";
1554 648 : values[5] = progname;
1555 648 : keywords[6] = NULL;
1556 648 : values[6] = NULL;
1557 :
1558 648 : new_pass = false;
1559 :
1560 648 : conn = PQconnectdbParams(keywords, values, true);
1561 :
1562 648 : if (!conn)
1563 : {
1564 0 : pg_log_error("connection to database \"%s\" failed", dbName);
1565 0 : return NULL;
1566 : }
1567 :
1568 650 : if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
1569 2 : PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
1570 0 : !password)
1571 : {
1572 0 : PQfinish(conn);
1573 0 : password = simple_prompt("Password: ", false);
1574 0 : new_pass = true;
1575 : }
1576 648 : } while (new_pass);
1577 :
1578 : /* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
1579 648 : if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
1580 : {
1581 2 : pg_log_error("%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
1582 2 : PQfinish(conn);
1583 2 : return NULL;
1584 : }
1585 :
1586 646 : return conn;
1587 : }
1588 :
1589 : /* qsort comparator for Variable array */
1590 : static int
1591 107932 : compareVariableNames(const void *v1, const void *v2)
1592 : {
1593 215864 : return strcmp(((const Variable *) v1)->name,
1594 107932 : ((const Variable *) v2)->name);
1595 : }
1596 :
1597 : /* Locate a variable by name; returns NULL if unknown */
1598 : static Variable *
1599 15950 : lookupVariable(Variables *variables, char *name)
1600 : {
1601 : Variable key;
1602 :
1603 : /* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
1604 15950 : if (variables->nvars <= 0)
1605 406 : return NULL;
1606 :
1607 : /* Sort if we have to */
1608 15544 : if (!variables->vars_sorted)
1609 : {
1610 2040 : qsort(variables->vars, variables->nvars, sizeof(Variable),
1611 : compareVariableNames);
1612 2040 : variables->vars_sorted = true;
1613 : }
1614 :
1615 : /* Now we can search */
1616 15544 : key.name = name;
1617 15544 : return (Variable *) bsearch(&key,
1618 15544 : variables->vars,
1619 15544 : variables->nvars,
1620 : sizeof(Variable),
1621 : compareVariableNames);
1622 : }
1623 :
1624 : /* Get the value of a variable, in string form; returns NULL if unknown */
1625 : static char *
1626 4876 : getVariable(Variables *variables, char *name)
1627 : {
1628 : Variable *var;
1629 : char stringform[64];
1630 :
1631 4876 : var = lookupVariable(variables, name);
1632 4876 : if (var == NULL)
1633 8 : return NULL; /* not found */
1634 :
1635 4868 : if (var->svalue)
1636 1656 : return var->svalue; /* we have it in string form */
1637 :
1638 : /* We need to produce a string equivalent of the value */
1639 : Assert(var->value.type != PGBT_NO_VALUE);
1640 3212 : if (var->value.type == PGBT_NULL)
1641 2 : snprintf(stringform, sizeof(stringform), "NULL");
1642 3210 : else if (var->value.type == PGBT_BOOLEAN)
1643 2 : snprintf(stringform, sizeof(stringform),
1644 2 : "%s", var->value.u.bval ? "true" : "false");
1645 3208 : else if (var->value.type == PGBT_INT)
1646 3204 : snprintf(stringform, sizeof(stringform),
1647 : INT64_FORMAT, var->value.u.ival);
1648 4 : else if (var->value.type == PGBT_DOUBLE)
1649 4 : snprintf(stringform, sizeof(stringform),
1650 : "%.*g", DBL_DIG, var->value.u.dval);
1651 : else /* internal error, unexpected type */
1652 : Assert(0);
1653 3212 : var->svalue = pg_strdup(stringform);
1654 3212 : return var->svalue;
1655 : }
1656 :
1657 : /* Try to convert variable to a value; return false on failure */
1658 : static bool
1659 4038 : makeVariableValue(Variable *var)
1660 : {
1661 : size_t slen;
1662 :
1663 4038 : if (var->value.type != PGBT_NO_VALUE)
1664 2990 : return true; /* no work */
1665 :
1666 1048 : slen = strlen(var->svalue);
1667 :
1668 1048 : if (slen == 0)
1669 : /* what should it do on ""? */
1670 0 : return false;
1671 :
1672 1048 : if (pg_strcasecmp(var->svalue, "null") == 0)
1673 : {
1674 2 : setNullValue(&var->value);
1675 : }
1676 :
1677 : /*
1678 : * accept prefixes such as y, ye, n, no... but not for "o". 0/1 are
1679 : * recognized later as an int, which is converted to bool if needed.
1680 : */
1681 2090 : else if (pg_strncasecmp(var->svalue, "true", slen) == 0 ||
1682 2088 : pg_strncasecmp(var->svalue, "yes", slen) == 0 ||
1683 1044 : pg_strcasecmp(var->svalue, "on") == 0)
1684 : {
1685 2 : setBoolValue(&var->value, true);
1686 : }
1687 2088 : else if (pg_strncasecmp(var->svalue, "false", slen) == 0 ||
1688 2088 : pg_strncasecmp(var->svalue, "no", slen) == 0 ||
1689 2088 : pg_strcasecmp(var->svalue, "off") == 0 ||
1690 1044 : pg_strcasecmp(var->svalue, "of") == 0)
1691 : {
1692 2 : setBoolValue(&var->value, false);
1693 : }
1694 1042 : else if (is_an_int(var->svalue))
1695 : {
1696 : /* if it looks like an int, it must be an int without overflow */
1697 : int64 iv;
1698 :
1699 1036 : if (!strtoint64(var->svalue, false, &iv))
1700 0 : return false;
1701 :
1702 1036 : setIntValue(&var->value, iv);
1703 : }
1704 : else /* type should be double */
1705 : {
1706 : double dv;
1707 :
1708 6 : if (!strtodouble(var->svalue, true, &dv))
1709 : {
1710 4 : pg_log_error("malformed variable \"%s\" value: \"%s\"",
1711 : var->name, var->svalue);
1712 4 : return false;
1713 : }
1714 2 : setDoubleValue(&var->value, dv);
1715 : }
1716 1044 : return true;
1717 : }
1718 :
1719 : /*
1720 : * Check whether a variable's name is allowed.
1721 : *
1722 : * We allow any non-ASCII character, as well as ASCII letters, digits, and
1723 : * underscore.
1724 : *
1725 : * Keep this in sync with the definitions of variable name characters in
1726 : * "src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l", "src/bin/psql/psqlscanslash.l" and
1727 : * "src/bin/pgbench/exprscan.l". Also see parseVariable(), below.
1728 : *
1729 : * Note: this static function is copied from "src/bin/psql/variables.c"
1730 : * but changed to disallow variable names starting with a digit.
1731 : */
1732 : static bool
1733 2226 : valid_variable_name(const char *name)
1734 : {
1735 2226 : const unsigned char *ptr = (const unsigned char *) name;
1736 :
1737 : /* Mustn't be zero-length */
1738 2226 : if (*ptr == '\0')
1739 0 : return false;
1740 :
1741 : /* must not start with [0-9] */
1742 2226 : if (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(*ptr) ||
1743 2226 : strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
1744 2226 : "_", *ptr) != NULL)
1745 2222 : ptr++;
1746 : else
1747 4 : return false;
1748 :
1749 : /* remaining characters can include [0-9] */
1750 14584 : while (*ptr)
1751 : {
1752 12364 : if (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(*ptr) ||
1753 12364 : strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
1754 12364 : "_0123456789", *ptr) != NULL)
1755 12362 : ptr++;
1756 : else
1757 2 : return false;
1758 : }
1759 :
1760 2220 : return true;
1761 : }
1762 :
1763 : /*
1764 : * Make sure there is enough space for 'needed' more variable in the variables
1765 : * array.
1766 : */
1767 : static void
1768 2220 : enlargeVariables(Variables *variables, int needed)
1769 : {
1770 : /* total number of variables required now */
1771 2220 : needed += variables->nvars;
1772 :
1773 2220 : if (variables->max_vars < needed)
1774 : {
1775 380 : variables->max_vars = needed + VARIABLES_ALLOC_MARGIN;
1776 380 : variables->vars = (Variable *)
1777 380 : pg_realloc(variables->vars, variables->max_vars * sizeof(Variable));
1778 : }
1779 2220 : }
1780 :
1781 : /*
1782 : * Lookup a variable by name, creating it if need be.
1783 : * Caller is expected to assign a value to the variable.
1784 : * Returns NULL on failure (bad name).
1785 : */
1786 : static Variable *
1787 6328 : lookupCreateVariable(Variables *variables, const char *context, char *name)
1788 : {
1789 : Variable *var;
1790 :
1791 6328 : var = lookupVariable(variables, name);
1792 6328 : if (var == NULL)
1793 : {
1794 : /*
1795 : * Check for the name only when declaring a new variable to avoid
1796 : * overhead.
1797 : */
1798 2226 : if (!valid_variable_name(name))
1799 : {
1800 6 : pg_log_error("%s: invalid variable name: \"%s\"", context, name);
1801 6 : return NULL;
1802 : }
1803 :
1804 : /* Create variable at the end of the array */
1805 2220 : enlargeVariables(variables, 1);
1806 :
1807 2220 : var = &(variables->vars[variables->nvars]);
1808 :
1809 2220 : var->name = pg_strdup(name);
1810 2220 : var->svalue = NULL;
1811 : /* caller is expected to initialize remaining fields */
1812 :
1813 2220 : variables->nvars++;
1814 : /* we don't re-sort the array till we have to */
1815 2220 : variables->vars_sorted = false;
1816 : }
1817 :
1818 6322 : return var;
1819 : }
1820 :
1821 : /* Assign a string value to a variable, creating it if need be */
1822 : /* Returns false on failure (bad name) */
1823 : static bool
1824 1924 : putVariable(Variables *variables, const char *context, char *name,
1825 : const char *value)
1826 : {
1827 : Variable *var;
1828 : char *val;
1829 :
1830 1924 : var = lookupCreateVariable(variables, context, name);
1831 1924 : if (!var)
1832 4 : return false;
1833 :
1834 : /* dup then free, in case value is pointing at this variable */
1835 1920 : val = pg_strdup(value);
1836 :
1837 1920 : free(var->svalue);
1838 1920 : var->svalue = val;
1839 1920 : var->value.type = PGBT_NO_VALUE;
1840 :
1841 1920 : return true;
1842 : }
1843 :
1844 : /* Assign a value to a variable, creating it if need be */
1845 : /* Returns false on failure (bad name) */
1846 : static bool
1847 4404 : putVariableValue(Variables *variables, const char *context, char *name,
1848 : const PgBenchValue *value)
1849 : {
1850 : Variable *var;
1851 :
1852 4404 : var = lookupCreateVariable(variables, context, name);
1853 4404 : if (!var)
1854 2 : return false;
1855 :
1856 4402 : free(var->svalue);
1857 4402 : var->svalue = NULL;
1858 4402 : var->value = *value;
1859 :
1860 4402 : return true;
1861 : }
1862 :
1863 : /* Assign an integer value to a variable, creating it if need be */
1864 : /* Returns false on failure (bad name) */
1865 : static bool
1866 1026 : putVariableInt(Variables *variables, const char *context, char *name,
1867 : int64 value)
1868 : {
1869 : PgBenchValue val;
1870 :
1871 1026 : setIntValue(&val, value);
1872 1026 : return putVariableValue(variables, context, name, &val);
1873 : }
1874 :
1875 : /*
1876 : * Parse a possible variable reference (:varname).
1877 : *
1878 : * "sql" points at a colon. If what follows it looks like a valid
1879 : * variable name, return a malloc'd string containing the variable name,
1880 : * and set *eaten to the number of characters consumed (including the colon).
1881 : * Otherwise, return NULL.
1882 : */
1883 : static char *
1884 4670 : parseVariable(const char *sql, int *eaten)
1885 : {
1886 4670 : int i = 1; /* starting at 1 skips the colon */
1887 : char *name;
1888 :
1889 : /* keep this logic in sync with valid_variable_name() */
1890 4670 : if (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(sql[i]) ||
1891 4670 : strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
1892 4670 : "_", sql[i]) != NULL)
1893 2100 : i++;
1894 : else
1895 2570 : return NULL;
1896 :
1897 9398 : while (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(sql[i]) ||
1898 9398 : strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
1899 9398 : "_0123456789", sql[i]) != NULL)
1900 7298 : i++;
1901 :
1902 2100 : name = pg_malloc(i);
1903 2100 : memcpy(name, &sql[1], i - 1);
1904 2100 : name[i - 1] = '\0';
1905 :
1906 2100 : *eaten = i;
1907 2100 : return name;
1908 : }
1909 :
1910 : static char *
1911 2098 : replaceVariable(char **sql, char *param, int len, char *value)
1912 : {
1913 2098 : int valueln = strlen(value);
1914 :
1915 2098 : if (valueln > len)
1916 : {
1917 1142 : size_t offset = param - *sql;
1918 :
1919 1142 : *sql = pg_realloc(*sql, strlen(*sql) - len + valueln + 1);
1920 1142 : param = *sql + offset;
1921 : }
1922 :
1923 2098 : if (valueln != len)
1924 2016 : memmove(param + valueln, param + len, strlen(param + len) + 1);
1925 2098 : memcpy(param, value, valueln);
1926 :
1927 2098 : return param + valueln;
1928 : }
1929 :
1930 : static char *
1931 15984 : assignVariables(Variables *variables, char *sql)
1932 : {
1933 : char *p,
1934 : *name,
1935 : *val;
1936 :
1937 15984 : p = sql;
1938 20060 : while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
1939 : {
1940 : int eaten;
1941 :
1942 4076 : name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
1943 4076 : if (name == NULL)
1944 : {
1945 6124 : while (*p == ':')
1946 : {
1947 3586 : p++;
1948 : }
1949 2538 : continue;
1950 : }
1951 :
1952 1538 : val = getVariable(variables, name);
1953 1538 : free(name);
1954 1538 : if (val == NULL)
1955 : {
1956 0 : p++;
1957 0 : continue;
1958 : }
1959 :
1960 1538 : p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, val);
1961 : }
1962 :
1963 15984 : return sql;
1964 : }
1965 :
1966 : static void
1967 4972 : getQueryParams(Variables *variables, const Command *command,
1968 : const char **params)
1969 : {
1970 : int i;
1971 :
1972 8300 : for (i = 0; i < command->argc - 1; i++)
1973 3328 : params[i] = getVariable(variables, command->argv[i + 1]);
1974 4972 : }
1975 :
1976 : static char *
1977 8 : valueTypeName(PgBenchValue *pval)
1978 : {
1979 8 : if (pval->type == PGBT_NO_VALUE)
1980 0 : return "none";
1981 8 : else if (pval->type == PGBT_NULL)
1982 0 : return "null";
1983 8 : else if (pval->type == PGBT_INT)
1984 0 : return "int";
1985 8 : else if (pval->type == PGBT_DOUBLE)
1986 2 : return "double";
1987 6 : else if (pval->type == PGBT_BOOLEAN)
1988 6 : return "boolean";
1989 : else
1990 : {
1991 : /* internal error, should never get there */
1992 : Assert(false);
1993 0 : return NULL;
1994 : }
1995 : }
1996 :
1997 : /* get a value as a boolean, or tell if there is a problem */
1998 : static bool
1999 216 : coerceToBool(PgBenchValue *pval, bool *bval)
2000 : {
2001 216 : if (pval->type == PGBT_BOOLEAN)
2002 : {
2003 214 : *bval = pval->u.bval;
2004 214 : return true;
2005 : }
2006 : else /* NULL, INT or DOUBLE */
2007 : {
2008 2 : pg_log_error("cannot coerce %s to boolean", valueTypeName(pval));
2009 2 : *bval = false; /* suppress uninitialized-variable warnings */
2010 2 : return false;
2011 : }
2012 : }
2013 :
2014 : /*
2015 : * Return true or false from an expression for conditional purposes.
2016 : * Non zero numerical values are true, zero and NULL are false.
2017 : */
2018 : static bool
2019 1072 : valueTruth(PgBenchValue *pval)
2020 : {
2021 1072 : switch (pval->type)
2022 : {
2023 2 : case PGBT_NULL:
2024 2 : return false;
2025 62 : case PGBT_BOOLEAN:
2026 62 : return pval->u.bval;
2027 1006 : case PGBT_INT:
2028 1006 : return pval->u.ival != 0;
2029 2 : case PGBT_DOUBLE:
2030 2 : return pval->u.dval != 0.0;
2031 0 : default:
2032 : /* internal error, unexpected type */
2033 : Assert(0);
2034 0 : return false;
2035 : }
2036 : }
2037 :
2038 : /* get a value as an int, tell if there is a problem */
2039 : static bool
2040 13200 : coerceToInt(PgBenchValue *pval, int64 *ival)
2041 : {
2042 13200 : if (pval->type == PGBT_INT)
2043 : {
2044 13192 : *ival = pval->u.ival;
2045 13192 : return true;
2046 : }
2047 8 : else if (pval->type == PGBT_DOUBLE)
2048 : {
2049 4 : double dval = rint(pval->u.dval);
2050 :
2051 4 : if (isnan(dval) || !FLOAT8_FITS_IN_INT64(dval))
2052 : {
2053 2 : pg_log_error("double to int overflow for %f", dval);
2054 2 : return false;
2055 : }
2056 2 : *ival = (int64) dval;
2057 2 : return true;
2058 : }
2059 : else /* BOOLEAN or NULL */
2060 : {
2061 4 : pg_log_error("cannot coerce %s to int", valueTypeName(pval));
2062 4 : return false;
2063 : }
2064 : }
2065 :
2066 : /* get a value as a double, or tell if there is a problem */
2067 : static bool
2068 208 : coerceToDouble(PgBenchValue *pval, double *dval)
2069 : {
2070 208 : if (pval->type == PGBT_DOUBLE)
2071 : {
2072 146 : *dval = pval->u.dval;
2073 146 : return true;
2074 : }
2075 62 : else if (pval->type == PGBT_INT)
2076 : {
2077 60 : *dval = (double) pval->u.ival;
2078 60 : return true;
2079 : }
2080 : else /* BOOLEAN or NULL */
2081 : {
2082 2 : pg_log_error("cannot coerce %s to double", valueTypeName(pval));
2083 2 : return false;
2084 : }
2085 : }
2086 :
2087 : /* assign a null value */
2088 : static void
2089 8 : setNullValue(PgBenchValue *pv)
2090 : {
2091 8 : pv->type = PGBT_NULL;
2092 8 : pv->u.ival = 0;
2093 8 : }
2094 :
2095 : /* assign a boolean value */
2096 : static void
2097 278 : setBoolValue(PgBenchValue *pv, bool bval)
2098 : {
2099 278 : pv->type = PGBT_BOOLEAN;
2100 278 : pv->u.bval = bval;
2101 278 : }
2102 :
2103 : /* assign an integer value */
2104 : static void
2105 8478 : setIntValue(PgBenchValue *pv, int64 ival)
2106 : {
2107 8478 : pv->type = PGBT_INT;
2108 8478 : pv->u.ival = ival;
2109 8478 : }
2110 :
2111 : /* assign a double value */
2112 : static void
2113 78 : setDoubleValue(PgBenchValue *pv, double dval)
2114 : {
2115 78 : pv->type = PGBT_DOUBLE;
2116 78 : pv->u.dval = dval;
2117 78 : }
2118 :
2119 : static bool
2120 7012 : isLazyFunc(PgBenchFunction func)
2121 : {
2122 7012 : return func == PGBENCH_AND || func == PGBENCH_OR || func == PGBENCH_CASE;
2123 : }
2124 :
2125 : /* lazy evaluation of some functions */
2126 : static bool
2127 130 : evalLazyFunc(CState *st,
2128 : PgBenchFunction func, PgBenchExprLink *args, PgBenchValue *retval)
2129 : {
2130 : PgBenchValue a1,
2131 : a2;
2132 : bool ba1,
2133 : ba2;
2134 :
2135 : Assert(isLazyFunc(func) && args != NULL && args->next != NULL);
2136 :
2137 : /* args points to first condition */
2138 130 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, args->expr, &a1))
2139 2 : return false;
2140 :
2141 : /* second condition for AND/OR and corresponding branch for CASE */
2142 128 : args = args->next;
2143 :
2144 128 : switch (func)
2145 : {
2146 88 : case PGBENCH_AND:
2147 88 : if (a1.type == PGBT_NULL)
2148 : {
2149 0 : setNullValue(retval);
2150 0 : return true;
2151 : }
2152 :
2153 88 : if (!coerceToBool(&a1, &ba1))
2154 0 : return false;
2155 :
2156 88 : if (!ba1)
2157 : {
2158 6 : setBoolValue(retval, false);
2159 6 : return true;
2160 : }
2161 :
2162 82 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, args->expr, &a2))
2163 0 : return false;
2164 :
2165 82 : if (a2.type == PGBT_NULL)
2166 : {
2167 0 : setNullValue(retval);
2168 0 : return true;
2169 : }
2170 82 : else if (!coerceToBool(&a2, &ba2))
2171 0 : return false;
2172 : else
2173 : {
2174 82 : setBoolValue(retval, ba2);
2175 82 : return true;
2176 : }
2177 :
2178 : return true;
2179 :
2180 8 : case PGBENCH_OR:
2181 :
2182 8 : if (a1.type == PGBT_NULL)
2183 : {
2184 0 : setNullValue(retval);
2185 0 : return true;
2186 : }
2187 :
2188 8 : if (!coerceToBool(&a1, &ba1))
2189 0 : return false;
2190 :
2191 8 : if (ba1)
2192 : {
2193 2 : setBoolValue(retval, true);
2194 2 : return true;
2195 : }
2196 :
2197 6 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, args->expr, &a2))
2198 0 : return false;
2199 :
2200 6 : if (a2.type == PGBT_NULL)
2201 : {
2202 0 : setNullValue(retval);
2203 0 : return true;
2204 : }
2205 6 : else if (!coerceToBool(&a2, &ba2))
2206 0 : return false;
2207 : else
2208 : {
2209 6 : setBoolValue(retval, ba2);
2210 6 : return true;
2211 : }
2212 :
2213 32 : case PGBENCH_CASE:
2214 : /* when true, execute branch */
2215 32 : if (valueTruth(&a1))
2216 22 : return evaluateExpr(st, args->expr, retval);
2217 :
2218 : /* now args contains next condition or final else expression */
2219 10 : args = args->next;
2220 :
2221 : /* final else case? */
2222 10 : if (args->next == NULL)
2223 6 : return evaluateExpr(st, args->expr, retval);
2224 :
2225 : /* no, another when, proceed */
2226 4 : return evalLazyFunc(st, PGBENCH_CASE, args, retval);
2227 :
2228 0 : default:
2229 : /* internal error, cannot get here */
2230 : Assert(0);
2231 0 : break;
2232 : }
2233 0 : return false;
2234 : }
2235 :
2236 : /* maximum number of function arguments */
2237 : #define MAX_FARGS 16
2238 :
2239 : /*
2240 : * Recursive evaluation of standard functions,
2241 : * which do not require lazy evaluation.
2242 : */
2243 : static bool
2244 6886 : evalStandardFunc(CState *st,
2245 : PgBenchFunction func, PgBenchExprLink *args,
2246 : PgBenchValue *retval)
2247 : {
2248 : /* evaluate all function arguments */
2249 6886 : int nargs = 0;
2250 6886 : PgBenchValue vargs[MAX_FARGS] = {0};
2251 6886 : PgBenchExprLink *l = args;
2252 6886 : bool has_null = false;
2253 :
2254 20584 : for (nargs = 0; nargs < MAX_FARGS && l != NULL; nargs++, l = l->next)
2255 : {
2256 13702 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, l->expr, &vargs[nargs]))
2257 4 : return false;
2258 13698 : has_null |= vargs[nargs].type == PGBT_NULL;
2259 : }
2260 :
2261 6882 : if (l != NULL)
2262 : {
2263 2 : pg_log_error("too many function arguments, maximum is %d", MAX_FARGS);
2264 2 : return false;
2265 : }
2266 :
2267 : /* NULL arguments */
2268 6880 : if (has_null && func != PGBENCH_IS && func != PGBENCH_DEBUG)
2269 : {
2270 6 : setNullValue(retval);
2271 6 : return true;
2272 : }
2273 :
2274 : /* then evaluate function */
2275 6874 : switch (func)
2276 : {
2277 : /* overloaded operators */
2278 3400 : case PGBENCH_ADD:
2279 : case PGBENCH_SUB:
2280 : case PGBENCH_MUL:
2281 : case PGBENCH_DIV:
2282 : case PGBENCH_MOD:
2283 : case PGBENCH_EQ:
2284 : case PGBENCH_NE:
2285 : case PGBENCH_LE:
2286 : case PGBENCH_LT:
2287 : {
2288 3400 : PgBenchValue *lval = &vargs[0],
2289 3400 : *rval = &vargs[1];
2290 :
2291 : Assert(nargs == 2);
2292 :
2293 : /* overloaded type management, double if some double */
2294 3400 : if ((lval->type == PGBT_DOUBLE ||
2295 3400 : rval->type == PGBT_DOUBLE) && func != PGBENCH_MOD)
2296 0 : {
2297 : double ld,
2298 : rd;
2299 :
2300 62 : if (!coerceToDouble(lval, &ld) ||
2301 62 : !coerceToDouble(rval, &rd))
2302 62 : return false;
2303 :
2304 62 : switch (func)
2305 : {
2306 2 : case PGBENCH_ADD:
2307 2 : setDoubleValue(retval, ld + rd);
2308 2 : return true;
2309 :
2310 20 : case PGBENCH_SUB:
2311 20 : setDoubleValue(retval, ld - rd);
2312 20 : return true;
2313 :
2314 16 : case PGBENCH_MUL:
2315 16 : setDoubleValue(retval, ld * rd);
2316 16 : return true;
2317 :
2318 4 : case PGBENCH_DIV:
2319 4 : setDoubleValue(retval, ld / rd);
2320 4 : return true;
2321 :
2322 8 : case PGBENCH_EQ:
2323 8 : setBoolValue(retval, ld == rd);
2324 8 : return true;
2325 :
2326 4 : case PGBENCH_NE:
2327 4 : setBoolValue(retval, ld != rd);
2328 4 : return true;
2329 :
2330 4 : case PGBENCH_LE:
2331 4 : setBoolValue(retval, ld <= rd);
2332 4 : return true;
2333 :
2334 4 : case PGBENCH_LT:
2335 4 : setBoolValue(retval, ld < rd);
2336 4 : return true;
2337 :
2338 0 : default:
2339 : /* cannot get here */
2340 : Assert(0);
2341 : }
2342 : }
2343 : else /* we have integer operands, or % */
2344 : {
2345 : int64 li,
2346 : ri,
2347 : res;
2348 :
2349 3338 : if (!coerceToInt(lval, &li) ||
2350 3336 : !coerceToInt(rval, &ri))
2351 3338 : return false;
2352 :
2353 3336 : switch (func)
2354 : {
2355 88 : case PGBENCH_ADD:
2356 88 : if (pg_add_s64_overflow(li, ri, &res))
2357 : {
2358 2 : pg_log_error("bigint add out of range");
2359 2 : return false;
2360 : }
2361 86 : setIntValue(retval, res);
2362 86 : return true;
2363 :
2364 298 : case PGBENCH_SUB:
2365 298 : if (pg_sub_s64_overflow(li, ri, &res))
2366 : {
2367 2 : pg_log_error("bigint sub out of range");
2368 2 : return false;
2369 : }
2370 296 : setIntValue(retval, res);
2371 296 : return true;
2372 :
2373 2822 : case PGBENCH_MUL:
2374 2822 : if (pg_mul_s64_overflow(li, ri, &res))
2375 : {
2376 2 : pg_log_error("bigint mul out of range");
2377 2 : return false;
2378 : }
2379 2820 : setIntValue(retval, res);
2380 2820 : return true;
2381 :
2382 64 : case PGBENCH_EQ:
2383 64 : setBoolValue(retval, li == ri);
2384 64 : return true;
2385 :
2386 10 : case PGBENCH_NE:
2387 10 : setBoolValue(retval, li != ri);
2388 10 : return true;
2389 :
2390 10 : case PGBENCH_LE:
2391 10 : setBoolValue(retval, li <= ri);
2392 10 : return true;
2393 :
2394 24 : case PGBENCH_LT:
2395 24 : setBoolValue(retval, li < ri);
2396 24 : return true;
2397 :
2398 20 : case PGBENCH_DIV:
2399 : case PGBENCH_MOD:
2400 20 : if (ri == 0)
2401 : {
2402 4 : pg_log_error("division by zero");
2403 4 : return false;
2404 : }
2405 : /* special handling of -1 divisor */
2406 16 : if (ri == -1)
2407 : {
2408 6 : if (func == PGBENCH_DIV)
2409 : {
2410 : /* overflow check (needed for INT64_MIN) */
2411 4 : if (li == PG_INT64_MIN)
2412 : {
2413 2 : pg_log_error("bigint div out of range");
2414 2 : return false;
2415 : }
2416 : else
2417 2 : setIntValue(retval, -li);
2418 : }
2419 : else
2420 2 : setIntValue(retval, 0);
2421 4 : return true;
2422 : }
2423 : /* else divisor is not -1 */
2424 10 : if (func == PGBENCH_DIV)
2425 4 : setIntValue(retval, li / ri);
2426 : else /* func == PGBENCH_MOD */
2427 6 : setIntValue(retval, li % ri);
2428 :
2429 10 : return true;
2430 :
2431 0 : default:
2432 : /* cannot get here */
2433 : Assert(0);
2434 : }
2435 : }
2436 :
2437 : Assert(0);
2438 0 : return false; /* NOTREACHED */
2439 : }
2440 :
2441 : /* integer bitwise operators */
2442 28 : case PGBENCH_BITAND:
2443 : case PGBENCH_BITOR:
2444 : case PGBENCH_BITXOR:
2445 : case PGBENCH_LSHIFT:
2446 : case PGBENCH_RSHIFT:
2447 : {
2448 : int64 li,
2449 : ri;
2450 :
2451 28 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[0], &li) || !coerceToInt(&vargs[1], &ri))
2452 0 : return false;
2453 :
2454 28 : if (func == PGBENCH_BITAND)
2455 2 : setIntValue(retval, li & ri);
2456 26 : else if (func == PGBENCH_BITOR)
2457 4 : setIntValue(retval, li | ri);
2458 22 : else if (func == PGBENCH_BITXOR)
2459 6 : setIntValue(retval, li ^ ri);
2460 16 : else if (func == PGBENCH_LSHIFT)
2461 14 : setIntValue(retval, li << ri);
2462 2 : else if (func == PGBENCH_RSHIFT)
2463 2 : setIntValue(retval, li >> ri);
2464 : else /* cannot get here */
2465 : Assert(0);
2466 :
2467 28 : return true;
2468 : }
2469 :
2470 : /* logical operators */
2471 32 : case PGBENCH_NOT:
2472 : {
2473 : bool b;
2474 :
2475 32 : if (!coerceToBool(&vargs[0], &b))
2476 2 : return false;
2477 :
2478 30 : setBoolValue(retval, !b);
2479 30 : return true;
2480 : }
2481 :
2482 : /* no arguments */
2483 2 : case PGBENCH_PI:
2484 2 : setDoubleValue(retval, M_PI);
2485 2 : return true;
2486 :
2487 : /* 1 overloaded argument */
2488 4 : case PGBENCH_ABS:
2489 : {
2490 4 : PgBenchValue *varg = &vargs[0];
2491 :
2492 : Assert(nargs == 1);
2493 :
2494 4 : if (varg->type == PGBT_INT)
2495 : {
2496 2 : int64 i = varg->u.ival;
2497 :
2498 2 : setIntValue(retval, i < 0 ? -i : i);
2499 : }
2500 : else
2501 : {
2502 2 : double d = varg->u.dval;
2503 :
2504 : Assert(varg->type == PGBT_DOUBLE);
2505 2 : setDoubleValue(retval, d < 0.0 ? -d : d);
2506 : }
2507 :
2508 4 : return true;
2509 : }
2510 :
2511 168 : case PGBENCH_DEBUG:
2512 : {
2513 168 : PgBenchValue *varg = &vargs[0];
2514 :
2515 : Assert(nargs == 1);
2516 :
2517 168 : fprintf(stderr, "debug(script=%d,command=%d): ",
2518 168 : st->use_file, st->command + 1);
2519 :
2520 168 : if (varg->type == PGBT_NULL)
2521 4 : fprintf(stderr, "null\n");
2522 164 : else if (varg->type == PGBT_BOOLEAN)
2523 38 : fprintf(stderr, "boolean %s\n", varg->u.bval ? "true" : "false");
2524 126 : else if (varg->type == PGBT_INT)
2525 94 : fprintf(stderr, "int " INT64_FORMAT "\n", varg->u.ival);
2526 32 : else if (varg->type == PGBT_DOUBLE)
2527 32 : fprintf(stderr, "double %.*g\n", DBL_DIG, varg->u.dval);
2528 : else /* internal error, unexpected type */
2529 : Assert(0);
2530 :
2531 168 : *retval = *varg;
2532 :
2533 168 : return true;
2534 : }
2535 :
2536 : /* 1 double argument */
2537 10 : case PGBENCH_DOUBLE:
2538 : case PGBENCH_SQRT:
2539 : case PGBENCH_LN:
2540 : case PGBENCH_EXP:
2541 : {
2542 : double dval;
2543 :
2544 : Assert(nargs == 1);
2545 :
2546 10 : if (!coerceToDouble(&vargs[0], &dval))
2547 2 : return false;
2548 :
2549 8 : if (func == PGBENCH_SQRT)
2550 2 : dval = sqrt(dval);
2551 6 : else if (func == PGBENCH_LN)
2552 2 : dval = log(dval);
2553 4 : else if (func == PGBENCH_EXP)
2554 2 : dval = exp(dval);
2555 : /* else is cast: do nothing */
2556 :
2557 8 : setDoubleValue(retval, dval);
2558 8 : return true;
2559 : }
2560 :
2561 : /* 1 int argument */
2562 4 : case PGBENCH_INT:
2563 : {
2564 : int64 ival;
2565 :
2566 : Assert(nargs == 1);
2567 :
2568 4 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[0], &ival))
2569 2 : return false;
2570 :
2571 2 : setIntValue(retval, ival);
2572 2 : return true;
2573 : }
2574 :
2575 : /* variable number of arguments */
2576 8 : case PGBENCH_LEAST:
2577 : case PGBENCH_GREATEST:
2578 : {
2579 : bool havedouble;
2580 : int i;
2581 :
2582 : Assert(nargs >= 1);
2583 :
2584 : /* need double result if any input is double */
2585 8 : havedouble = false;
2586 28 : for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++)
2587 : {
2588 24 : if (vargs[i].type == PGBT_DOUBLE)
2589 : {
2590 4 : havedouble = true;
2591 4 : break;
2592 : }
2593 : }
2594 8 : if (havedouble)
2595 : {
2596 : double extremum;
2597 :
2598 4 : if (!coerceToDouble(&vargs[0], &extremum))
2599 0 : return false;
2600 12 : for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++)
2601 : {
2602 : double dval;
2603 :
2604 8 : if (!coerceToDouble(&vargs[i], &dval))
2605 0 : return false;
2606 8 : if (func == PGBENCH_LEAST)
2607 4 : extremum = Min(extremum, dval);
2608 : else
2609 4 : extremum = Max(extremum, dval);
2610 : }
2611 4 : setDoubleValue(retval, extremum);
2612 : }
2613 : else
2614 : {
2615 : int64 extremum;
2616 :
2617 4 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[0], &extremum))
2618 0 : return false;
2619 16 : for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++)
2620 : {
2621 : int64 ival;
2622 :
2623 12 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[i], &ival))
2624 0 : return false;
2625 12 : if (func == PGBENCH_LEAST)
2626 6 : extremum = Min(extremum, ival);
2627 : else
2628 6 : extremum = Max(extremum, ival);
2629 : }
2630 4 : setIntValue(retval, extremum);
2631 : }
2632 8 : return true;
2633 : }
2634 :
2635 : /* random functions */
2636 3076 : case PGBENCH_RANDOM:
2637 : case PGBENCH_RANDOM_EXPONENTIAL:
2638 : case PGBENCH_RANDOM_GAUSSIAN:
2639 : case PGBENCH_RANDOM_ZIPFIAN:
2640 : {
2641 : int64 imin,
2642 : imax,
2643 : delta;
2644 :
2645 : Assert(nargs >= 2);
2646 :
2647 3076 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[0], &imin) ||
2648 3074 : !coerceToInt(&vargs[1], &imax))
2649 2 : return false;
2650 :
2651 : /* check random range */
2652 3074 : if (unlikely(imin > imax))
2653 : {
2654 2 : pg_log_error("empty range given to random");
2655 2 : return false;
2656 : }
2657 3072 : else if (unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(imax, imin, &delta) ||
2658 : pg_add_s64_overflow(delta, 1, &delta)))
2659 : {
2660 : /* prevent int overflows in random functions */
2661 2 : pg_log_error("random range is too large");
2662 2 : return false;
2663 : }
2664 :
2665 3070 : if (func == PGBENCH_RANDOM)
2666 : {
2667 : Assert(nargs == 2);
2668 3044 : setIntValue(retval, getrand(&st->cs_func_rs, imin, imax));
2669 : }
2670 : else /* gaussian & exponential */
2671 : {
2672 : double param;
2673 :
2674 : Assert(nargs == 3);
2675 :
2676 26 : if (!coerceToDouble(&vargs[2], ¶m))
2677 8 : return false;
2678 :
2679 26 : if (func == PGBENCH_RANDOM_GAUSSIAN)
2680 : {
2681 8 : if (param < MIN_GAUSSIAN_PARAM)
2682 : {
2683 2 : pg_log_error("gaussian parameter must be at least %f (not %f)",
2684 : MIN_GAUSSIAN_PARAM, param);
2685 2 : return false;
2686 : }
2687 :
2688 6 : setIntValue(retval,
2689 : getGaussianRand(&st->cs_func_rs,
2690 : imin, imax, param));
2691 : }
2692 18 : else if (func == PGBENCH_RANDOM_ZIPFIAN)
2693 : {
2694 10 : if (param < MIN_ZIPFIAN_PARAM || param > MAX_ZIPFIAN_PARAM)
2695 : {
2696 4 : pg_log_error("zipfian parameter must be in range [%.3f, %.0f] (not %f)",
2697 : MIN_ZIPFIAN_PARAM, MAX_ZIPFIAN_PARAM, param);
2698 4 : return false;
2699 : }
2700 :
2701 6 : setIntValue(retval,
2702 : getZipfianRand(&st->cs_func_rs, imin, imax, param));
2703 : }
2704 : else /* exponential */
2705 : {
2706 8 : if (param <= 0.0)
2707 : {
2708 2 : pg_log_error("exponential parameter must be greater than zero (not %f)",
2709 : param);
2710 2 : return false;
2711 : }
2712 :
2713 6 : setIntValue(retval,
2714 : getExponentialRand(&st->cs_func_rs,
2715 : imin, imax, param));
2716 : }
2717 : }
2718 :
2719 3062 : return true;
2720 : }
2721 :
2722 18 : case PGBENCH_POW:
2723 : {
2724 18 : PgBenchValue *lval = &vargs[0];
2725 18 : PgBenchValue *rval = &vargs[1];
2726 : double ld,
2727 : rd;
2728 :
2729 : Assert(nargs == 2);
2730 :
2731 18 : if (!coerceToDouble(lval, &ld) ||
2732 18 : !coerceToDouble(rval, &rd))
2733 0 : return false;
2734 :
2735 18 : setDoubleValue(retval, pow(ld, rd));
2736 :
2737 18 : return true;
2738 : }
2739 :
2740 20 : case PGBENCH_IS:
2741 : {
2742 : Assert(nargs == 2);
2743 :
2744 : /*
2745 : * note: this simple implementation is more permissive than
2746 : * SQL
2747 : */
2748 20 : setBoolValue(retval,
2749 30 : vargs[0].type == vargs[1].type &&
2750 10 : vargs[0].u.bval == vargs[1].u.bval);
2751 20 : return true;
2752 : }
2753 :
2754 : /* hashing */
2755 12 : case PGBENCH_HASH_FNV1A:
2756 : case PGBENCH_HASH_MURMUR2:
2757 : {
2758 : int64 val,
2759 : seed;
2760 :
2761 : Assert(nargs == 2);
2762 :
2763 12 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[0], &val) ||
2764 12 : !coerceToInt(&vargs[1], &seed))
2765 0 : return false;
2766 :
2767 12 : if (func == PGBENCH_HASH_MURMUR2)
2768 10 : setIntValue(retval, getHashMurmur2(val, seed));
2769 2 : else if (func == PGBENCH_HASH_FNV1A)
2770 2 : setIntValue(retval, getHashFnv1a(val, seed));
2771 : else
2772 : /* cannot get here */
2773 : Assert(0);
2774 :
2775 12 : return true;
2776 : }
2777 :
2778 92 : case PGBENCH_PERMUTE:
2779 : {
2780 : int64 val,
2781 : size,
2782 : seed;
2783 :
2784 : Assert(nargs == 3);
2785 :
2786 92 : if (!coerceToInt(&vargs[0], &val) ||
2787 92 : !coerceToInt(&vargs[1], &size) ||
2788 92 : !coerceToInt(&vargs[2], &seed))
2789 0 : return false;
2790 :
2791 92 : if (size <= 0)
2792 : {
2793 2 : pg_log_error("permute size parameter must be greater than zero");
2794 2 : return false;
2795 : }
2796 :
2797 90 : setIntValue(retval, permute(val, size, seed));
2798 90 : return true;
2799 : }
2800 :
2801 0 : default:
2802 : /* cannot get here */
2803 : Assert(0);
2804 : /* dead code to avoid a compiler warning */
2805 0 : return false;
2806 : }
2807 : }
2808 :
2809 : /* evaluate some function */
2810 : static bool
2811 7012 : evalFunc(CState *st,
2812 : PgBenchFunction func, PgBenchExprLink *args, PgBenchValue *retval)
2813 : {
2814 7012 : if (isLazyFunc(func))
2815 126 : return evalLazyFunc(st, func, args, retval);
2816 : else
2817 6886 : return evalStandardFunc(st, func, args, retval);
2818 : }
2819 :
2820 : /*
2821 : * Recursive evaluation of an expression in a pgbench script
2822 : * using the current state of variables.
2823 : * Returns whether the evaluation was ok,
2824 : * the value itself is returned through the retval pointer.
2825 : */
2826 : static bool
2827 18412 : evaluateExpr(CState *st, PgBenchExpr *expr, PgBenchValue *retval)
2828 : {
2829 18412 : switch (expr->etype)
2830 : {
2831 7358 : case ENODE_CONSTANT:
2832 : {
2833 7358 : *retval = expr->u.constant;
2834 7358 : return true;
2835 : }
2836 :
2837 4042 : case ENODE_VARIABLE:
2838 : {
2839 : Variable *var;
2840 :
2841 4042 : if ((var = lookupVariable(&st->variables, expr->u.variable.varname)) == NULL)
2842 : {
2843 4 : pg_log_error("undefined variable \"%s\"", expr->u.variable.varname);
2844 4 : return false;
2845 : }
2846 :
2847 4038 : if (!makeVariableValue(var))
2848 4 : return false;
2849 :
2850 4034 : *retval = var->value;
2851 4034 : return true;
2852 : }
2853 :
2854 7012 : case ENODE_FUNCTION:
2855 7012 : return evalFunc(st,
2856 : expr->u.function.function,
2857 : expr->u.function.args,
2858 : retval);
2859 :
2860 0 : default:
2861 : /* internal error which should never occur */
2862 0 : pg_fatal("unexpected enode type in evaluation: %d", expr->etype);
2863 : }
2864 : }
2865 :
2866 : /*
2867 : * Convert command name to meta-command enum identifier
2868 : */
2869 : static MetaCommand
2870 1064 : getMetaCommand(const char *cmd)
2871 : {
2872 : MetaCommand mc;
2873 :
2874 1064 : if (cmd == NULL)
2875 0 : mc = META_NONE;
2876 1064 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "set") == 0)
2877 726 : mc = META_SET;
2878 338 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "setshell") == 0)
2879 8 : mc = META_SETSHELL;
2880 330 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "shell") == 0)
2881 10 : mc = META_SHELL;
2882 320 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "sleep") == 0)
2883 18 : mc = META_SLEEP;
2884 302 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "if") == 0)
2885 48 : mc = META_IF;
2886 254 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "elif") == 0)
2887 26 : mc = META_ELIF;
2888 228 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "else") == 0)
2889 28 : mc = META_ELSE;
2890 200 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "endif") == 0)
2891 42 : mc = META_ENDIF;
2892 158 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "gset") == 0)
2893 64 : mc = META_GSET;
2894 94 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "aset") == 0)
2895 6 : mc = META_ASET;
2896 88 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "startpipeline") == 0)
2897 42 : mc = META_STARTPIPELINE;
2898 46 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "syncpipeline") == 0)
2899 10 : mc = META_SYNCPIPELINE;
2900 36 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(cmd, "endpipeline") == 0)
2901 34 : mc = META_ENDPIPELINE;
2902 : else
2903 2 : mc = META_NONE;
2904 1064 : return mc;
2905 : }
2906 :
2907 : /*
2908 : * Run a shell command. The result is assigned to the variable if not NULL.
2909 : * Return true if succeeded, or false on error.
2910 : */
2911 : static bool
2912 12 : runShellCommand(Variables *variables, char *variable, char **argv, int argc)
2913 : {
2914 : char command[SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE];
2915 : int i,
2916 12 : len = 0;
2917 : FILE *fp;
2918 : char res[64];
2919 : char *endptr;
2920 : int retval;
2921 :
2922 : /*----------
2923 : * Join arguments with whitespace separators. Arguments starting with
2924 : * exactly one colon are treated as variables:
2925 : * name - append a string "name"
2926 : * :var - append a variable named 'var'
2927 : * ::name - append a string ":name"
2928 : *----------
2929 : */
2930 34 : for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2931 : {
2932 : char *arg;
2933 : int arglen;
2934 :
2935 24 : if (argv[i][0] != ':')
2936 : {
2937 18 : arg = argv[i]; /* a string literal */
2938 : }
2939 6 : else if (argv[i][1] == ':')
2940 : {
2941 2 : arg = argv[i] + 1; /* a string literal starting with colons */
2942 : }
2943 4 : else if ((arg = getVariable(variables, argv[i] + 1)) == NULL)
2944 : {
2945 2 : pg_log_error("%s: undefined variable \"%s\"", argv[0], argv[i]);
2946 2 : return false;
2947 : }
2948 :
2949 22 : arglen = strlen(arg);
2950 22 : if (len + arglen + (i > 0 ? 1 : 0) >= SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE - 1)
2951 : {
2952 0 : pg_log_error("%s: shell command is too long", argv[0]);
2953 0 : return false;
2954 : }
2955 :
2956 22 : if (i > 0)
2957 10 : command[len++] = ' ';
2958 22 : memcpy(command + len, arg, arglen);
2959 22 : len += arglen;
2960 : }
2961 :
2962 10 : command[len] = '\0';
2963 :
2964 10 : fflush(NULL); /* needed before either system() or popen() */
2965 :
2966 : /* Fast path for non-assignment case */
2967 10 : if (variable == NULL)
2968 : {
2969 4 : if (system(command))
2970 : {
2971 2 : if (!timer_exceeded)
2972 2 : pg_log_error("%s: could not launch shell command", argv[0]);
2973 2 : return false;
2974 : }
2975 2 : return true;
2976 : }
2977 :
2978 : /* Execute the command with pipe and read the standard output. */
2979 6 : if ((fp = popen(command, "r")) == NULL)
2980 : {
2981 0 : pg_log_error("%s: could not launch shell command", argv[0]);
2982 0 : return false;
2983 : }
2984 6 : if (fgets(res, sizeof(res), fp) == NULL)
2985 : {
2986 2 : if (!timer_exceeded)
2987 2 : pg_log_error("%s: could not read result of shell command", argv[0]);
2988 2 : (void) pclose(fp);
2989 2 : return false;
2990 : }
2991 4 : if (pclose(fp) < 0)
2992 : {
2993 0 : pg_log_error("%s: could not run shell command: %m", argv[0]);
2994 0 : return false;
2995 : }
2996 :
2997 : /* Check whether the result is an integer and assign it to the variable */
2998 4 : retval = (int) strtol(res, &endptr, 10);
2999 6 : while (*endptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *endptr))
3000 2 : endptr++;
3001 4 : if (*res == '\0' || *endptr != '\0')
3002 : {
3003 2 : pg_log_error("%s: shell command must return an integer (not \"%s\")", argv[0], res);
3004 2 : return false;
3005 : }
3006 2 : if (!putVariableInt(variables, "setshell", variable, retval))
3007 0 : return false;
3008 :
3009 2 : pg_log_debug("%s: shell parameter name: \"%s\", value: \"%s\"", argv[0], argv[1], res);
3010 :
3011 2 : return true;
3012 : }
3013 :
3014 : /*
3015 : * Report the abortion of the client when processing SQL commands.
3016 : */
3017 : static void
3018 64 : commandFailed(CState *st, const char *cmd, const char *message)
3019 : {
3020 64 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted in command %d (%s) of script %d; %s",
3021 : st->id, st->command, cmd, st->use_file, message);
3022 64 : }
3023 :
3024 : /*
3025 : * Report the error in the command while the script is executing.
3026 : */
3027 : static void
3028 4 : commandError(CState *st, const char *message)
3029 : {
3030 : /*
3031 : * Errors should only be detected during an SQL command or the
3032 : * \endpipeline meta command. Any other case triggers an assertion
3033 : * failure.
3034 : */
3035 : Assert(sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command]->type == SQL_COMMAND ||
3036 : sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command]->meta == META_ENDPIPELINE);
3037 :
3038 4 : pg_log_info("client %d got an error in command %d (SQL) of script %d; %s",
3039 : st->id, st->command, st->use_file, message);
3040 4 : }
3041 :
3042 : /* return a script number with a weighted choice. */
3043 : static int
3044 15410 : chooseScript(TState *thread)
3045 : {
3046 15410 : int i = 0;
3047 : int64 w;
3048 :
3049 15410 : if (num_scripts == 1)
3050 12808 : return 0;
3051 :
3052 2602 : w = getrand(&thread->ts_choose_rs, 0, total_weight - 1);
3053 : do
3054 : {
3055 6438 : w -= sql_script[i++].weight;
3056 6438 : } while (w >= 0);
3057 :
3058 2602 : return i - 1;
3059 : }
3060 :
3061 : /*
3062 : * Allocate space for CState->prepared: we need one boolean for each command
3063 : * of each script.
3064 : */
3065 : static void
3066 68 : allocCStatePrepared(CState *st)
3067 : {
3068 : Assert(st->prepared == NULL);
3069 :
3070 68 : st->prepared = pg_malloc(sizeof(bool *) * num_scripts);
3071 148 : for (int i = 0; i < num_scripts; i++)
3072 : {
3073 80 : ParsedScript *script = &sql_script[i];
3074 : int numcmds;
3075 :
3076 340 : for (numcmds = 0; script->commands[numcmds] != NULL; numcmds++)
3077 : ;
3078 80 : st->prepared[i] = pg_malloc0(sizeof(bool) * numcmds);
3079 : }
3080 68 : }
3081 :
3082 : /*
3083 : * Prepare the SQL command from st->use_file at command_num.
3084 : */
3085 : static void
3086 3902 : prepareCommand(CState *st, int command_num)
3087 : {
3088 3902 : Command *command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[command_num];
3089 :
3090 : /* No prepare for non-SQL commands */
3091 3902 : if (command->type != SQL_COMMAND)
3092 0 : return;
3093 :
3094 3902 : if (!st->prepared)
3095 58 : allocCStatePrepared(st);
3096 :
3097 3902 : if (!st->prepared[st->use_file][command_num])
3098 : {
3099 : PGresult *res;
3100 :
3101 216 : pg_log_debug("client %d preparing %s", st->id, command->prepname);
3102 216 : res = PQprepare(st->con, command->prepname,
3103 216 : command->argv[0], command->argc - 1, NULL);
3104 216 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
3105 2 : pg_log_error("%s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
3106 216 : PQclear(res);
3107 216 : st->prepared[st->use_file][command_num] = true;
3108 : }
3109 : }
3110 :
3111 : /*
3112 : * Prepare all the commands in the script that come after the \startpipeline
3113 : * that's at position st->command, and the first \endpipeline we find.
3114 : *
3115 : * This sets the ->prepared flag for each relevant command as well as the
3116 : * \startpipeline itself, but doesn't move the st->command counter.
3117 : */
3118 : static void
3119 84 : prepareCommandsInPipeline(CState *st)
3120 : {
3121 : int j;
3122 84 : Command **commands = sql_script[st->use_file].commands;
3123 :
3124 : Assert(commands[st->command]->type == META_COMMAND &&
3125 : commands[st->command]->meta == META_STARTPIPELINE);
3126 :
3127 84 : if (!st->prepared)
3128 10 : allocCStatePrepared(st);
3129 :
3130 : /*
3131 : * We set the 'prepared' flag on the \startpipeline itself to flag that we
3132 : * don't need to do this next time without calling prepareCommand(), even
3133 : * though we don't actually prepare this command.
3134 : */
3135 84 : if (st->prepared[st->use_file][st->command])
3136 72 : return;
3137 :
3138 128 : for (j = st->command + 1; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
3139 : {
3140 128 : if (commands[j]->type == META_COMMAND &&
3141 12 : commands[j]->meta == META_ENDPIPELINE)
3142 12 : break;
3143 :
3144 116 : prepareCommand(st, j);
3145 : }
3146 :
3147 12 : st->prepared[st->use_file][st->command] = true;
3148 : }
3149 :
3150 : /* Send a SQL command, using the chosen querymode */
3151 : static bool
3152 20956 : sendCommand(CState *st, Command *command)
3153 : {
3154 : int r;
3155 :
3156 20956 : if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
3157 : {
3158 : char *sql;
3159 :
3160 15984 : sql = pg_strdup(command->argv[0]);
3161 15984 : sql = assignVariables(&st->variables, sql);
3162 :
3163 15984 : pg_log_debug("client %d sending %s", st->id, sql);
3164 15984 : r = PQsendQuery(st->con, sql);
3165 15984 : free(sql);
3166 : }
3167 4972 : else if (querymode == QUERY_EXTENDED)
3168 : {
3169 1186 : const char *sql = command->argv[0];
3170 : const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
3171 :
3172 1186 : getQueryParams(&st->variables, command, params);
3173 :
3174 1186 : pg_log_debug("client %d sending %s", st->id, sql);
3175 1186 : r = PQsendQueryParams(st->con, sql, command->argc - 1,
3176 : NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
3177 : }
3178 3786 : else if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
3179 : {
3180 : const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
3181 :
3182 3786 : prepareCommand(st, st->command);
3183 3786 : getQueryParams(&st->variables, command, params);
3184 :
3185 3786 : pg_log_debug("client %d sending %s", st->id, command->prepname);
3186 3786 : r = PQsendQueryPrepared(st->con, command->prepname, command->argc - 1,
3187 : params, NULL, NULL, 0);
3188 : }
3189 : else /* unknown sql mode */
3190 0 : r = 0;
3191 :
3192 20956 : if (r == 0)
3193 : {
3194 0 : pg_log_debug("client %d could not send %s", st->id, command->argv[0]);
3195 0 : return false;
3196 : }
3197 : else
3198 20956 : return true;
3199 : }
3200 :
3201 : /*
3202 : * Read and discard all available results from the connection.
3203 : */
3204 : static void
3205 104 : discardAvailableResults(CState *st)
3206 : {
3207 104 : PGresult *res = NULL;
3208 :
3209 : for (;;)
3210 : {
3211 128 : res = PQgetResult(st->con);
3212 :
3213 : /*
3214 : * Read and discard results until PQgetResult() returns NULL (no more
3215 : * results) or a connection failure is detected. If the pipeline
3216 : * status is PQ_PIPELINE_ABORTED, more results may still be available
3217 : * even after PQgetResult() returns NULL, so continue reading in that
3218 : * case.
3219 : */
3220 152 : if ((res == NULL && PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_ABORTED) ||
3221 24 : PQstatus(st->con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
3222 : break;
3223 :
3224 24 : PQclear(res);
3225 : }
3226 104 : PQclear(res);
3227 104 : }
3228 :
3229 : /*
3230 : * Determine the error status based on the connection status and error code.
3231 : */
3232 : static EStatus
3233 46 : getSQLErrorStatus(CState *st, const char *sqlState)
3234 : {
3235 46 : discardAvailableResults(st);
3236 46 : if (PQstatus(st->con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
3237 0 : return ESTATUS_CONN_ERROR;
3238 :
3239 46 : if (sqlState != NULL)
3240 : {
3241 46 : if (strcmp(sqlState, ERRCODE_T_R_SERIALIZATION_FAILURE) == 0)
3242 2 : return ESTATUS_SERIALIZATION_ERROR;
3243 44 : else if (strcmp(sqlState, ERRCODE_T_R_DEADLOCK_DETECTED) == 0)
3244 2 : return ESTATUS_DEADLOCK_ERROR;
3245 : }
3246 :
3247 42 : return ESTATUS_OTHER_SQL_ERROR;
3248 : }
3249 :
3250 : /*
3251 : * Returns true if this type of error can be retried.
3252 : */
3253 : static bool
3254 126 : canRetryError(EStatus estatus)
3255 : {
3256 126 : return (estatus == ESTATUS_SERIALIZATION_ERROR ||
3257 : estatus == ESTATUS_DEADLOCK_ERROR);
3258 : }
3259 :
3260 : /*
3261 : * Returns true if --continue-on-error is specified and this error allows
3262 : * processing to continue.
3263 : */
3264 : static bool
3265 96 : canContinueOnError(EStatus estatus)
3266 : {
3267 96 : return (continue_on_error &&
3268 : estatus == ESTATUS_OTHER_SQL_ERROR);
3269 : }
3270 :
3271 : /*
3272 : * Process query response from the backend.
3273 : *
3274 : * If varprefix is not NULL, it's the variable name prefix where to store
3275 : * the results of the *last* command (META_GSET) or *all* commands
3276 : * (META_ASET).
3277 : *
3278 : * Returns true if everything is A-OK, false if any error occurs.
3279 : */
3280 : static bool
3281 21048 : readCommandResponse(CState *st, MetaCommand meta, char *varprefix)
3282 : {
3283 : PGresult *res;
3284 : PGresult *next_res;
3285 21048 : int qrynum = 0;
3286 :
3287 : /*
3288 : * varprefix should be set only with \gset or \aset, and \endpipeline and
3289 : * SQL commands do not need it.
3290 : */
3291 : Assert((meta == META_NONE && varprefix == NULL) ||
3292 : ((meta == META_ENDPIPELINE) && varprefix == NULL) ||
3293 : ((meta == META_GSET || meta == META_ASET) && varprefix != NULL));
3294 :
3295 21048 : res = PQgetResult(st->con);
3296 :
3297 42050 : while (res != NULL)
3298 : {
3299 : bool is_last;
3300 :
3301 : /* peek at the next result to know whether the current is last */
3302 21060 : next_res = PQgetResult(st->con);
3303 21060 : is_last = (next_res == NULL);
3304 :
3305 21060 : switch (PQresultStatus(res))
3306 : {
3307 16336 : case PGRES_COMMAND_OK: /* non-SELECT commands */
3308 : case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY: /* may be used for testing no-op overhead */
3309 16336 : if (is_last && meta == META_GSET)
3310 : {
3311 2 : pg_log_error("client %d script %d command %d query %d: expected one row, got %d",
3312 : st->id, st->use_file, st->command, qrynum, 0);
3313 2 : st->estatus = ESTATUS_META_COMMAND_ERROR;
3314 2 : goto error;
3315 : }
3316 16334 : break;
3317 :
3318 4568 : case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
3319 4568 : if ((is_last && meta == META_GSET) || meta == META_ASET)
3320 : {
3321 1060 : int ntuples = PQntuples(res);
3322 :
3323 1060 : if (meta == META_GSET && ntuples != 1)
3324 : {
3325 : /* under \gset, report the error */
3326 4 : pg_log_error("client %d script %d command %d query %d: expected one row, got %d",
3327 : st->id, st->use_file, st->command, qrynum, PQntuples(res));
3328 4 : st->estatus = ESTATUS_META_COMMAND_ERROR;
3329 4 : goto error;
3330 : }
3331 1056 : else if (meta == META_ASET && ntuples <= 0)
3332 : {
3333 : /* coldly skip empty result under \aset */
3334 2 : break;
3335 : }
3336 :
3337 : /* store results into variables */
3338 2108 : for (int fld = 0; fld < PQnfields(res); fld++)
3339 : {
3340 1058 : char *varname = PQfname(res, fld);
3341 :
3342 : /* allocate varname only if necessary, freed below */
3343 1058 : if (*varprefix != '\0')
3344 2 : varname = psprintf("%s%s", varprefix, varname);
3345 :
3346 : /* store last row result as a string */
3347 1058 : if (!putVariable(&st->variables, meta == META_ASET ? "aset" : "gset", varname,
3348 1058 : PQgetvalue(res, ntuples - 1, fld)))
3349 : {
3350 : /* internal error */
3351 4 : pg_log_error("client %d script %d command %d query %d: error storing into variable %s",
3352 : st->id, st->use_file, st->command, qrynum, varname);
3353 4 : st->estatus = ESTATUS_META_COMMAND_ERROR;
3354 4 : goto error;
3355 : }
3356 :
3357 1054 : if (*varprefix != '\0')
3358 2 : pg_free(varname);
3359 : }
3360 : }
3361 : /* otherwise the result is simply thrown away by PQclear below */
3362 4558 : break;
3363 :
3364 108 : case PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC:
3365 108 : pg_log_debug("client %d pipeline ending, ongoing syncs: %d",
3366 : st->id, st->num_syncs);
3367 108 : st->num_syncs--;
3368 108 : if (st->num_syncs == 0 && PQexitPipelineMode(st->con) != 1)
3369 0 : pg_log_error("client %d failed to exit pipeline mode: %s", st->id,
3370 : PQresultErrorMessage(res));
3371 108 : break;
3372 :
3373 2 : case PGRES_COPY_IN:
3374 : case PGRES_COPY_OUT:
3375 : case PGRES_COPY_BOTH:
3376 2 : pg_log_error("COPY is not supported in pgbench, aborting");
3377 :
3378 : /*
3379 : * We need to exit the copy state. Otherwise, PQgetResult()
3380 : * will always return an empty PGresult as an effect of
3381 : * getCopyResult(), leading to an infinite loop in the error
3382 : * cleanup done below.
3383 : */
3384 2 : PQendcopy(st->con);
3385 2 : goto error;
3386 :
3387 46 : case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
3388 : case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
3389 46 : st->estatus = getSQLErrorStatus(st, PQresultErrorField(res,
3390 : PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE));
3391 46 : if (canRetryError(st->estatus) || canContinueOnError(st->estatus))
3392 : {
3393 22 : if (verbose_errors)
3394 4 : commandError(st, PQresultErrorMessage(res));
3395 22 : goto error;
3396 : }
3397 : /* fall through */
3398 :
3399 : default:
3400 : /* anything else is unexpected */
3401 24 : pg_log_error("client %d script %d aborted in command %d query %d: %s",
3402 : st->id, st->use_file, st->command, qrynum,
3403 : PQresultErrorMessage(res));
3404 24 : goto error;
3405 : }
3406 :
3407 21002 : PQclear(res);
3408 21002 : qrynum++;
3409 21002 : res = next_res;
3410 : }
3411 :
3412 20990 : if (qrynum == 0)
3413 : {
3414 0 : pg_log_error("client %d command %d: no results", st->id, st->command);
3415 0 : return false;
3416 : }
3417 :
3418 20990 : return true;
3419 :
3420 58 : error:
3421 58 : PQclear(res);
3422 58 : PQclear(next_res);
3423 58 : discardAvailableResults(st);
3424 :
3425 58 : return false;
3426 : }
3427 :
3428 : /*
3429 : * Parse the argument to a \sleep command, and return the requested amount
3430 : * of delay, in microseconds. Returns true on success, false on error.
3431 : */
3432 : static bool
3433 12 : evaluateSleep(Variables *variables, int argc, char **argv, int *usecs)
3434 : {
3435 : char *var;
3436 : int usec;
3437 :
3438 12 : if (*argv[1] == ':')
3439 : {
3440 6 : if ((var = getVariable(variables, argv[1] + 1)) == NULL)
3441 : {
3442 2 : pg_log_error("%s: undefined variable \"%s\"", argv[0], argv[1] + 1);
3443 2 : return false;
3444 : }
3445 :
3446 4 : usec = atoi(var);
3447 :
3448 : /* Raise an error if the value of a variable is not a number */
3449 4 : if (usec == 0 && !isdigit((unsigned char) *var))
3450 : {
3451 0 : pg_log_error("%s: invalid sleep time \"%s\" for variable \"%s\"",
3452 : argv[0], var, argv[1] + 1);
3453 0 : return false;
3454 : }
3455 : }
3456 : else
3457 6 : usec = atoi(argv[1]);
3458 :
3459 10 : if (argc > 2)
3460 : {
3461 8 : if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "ms") == 0)
3462 4 : usec *= 1000;
3463 4 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "s") == 0)
3464 2 : usec *= 1000000;
3465 : }
3466 : else
3467 2 : usec *= 1000000;
3468 :
3469 10 : *usecs = usec;
3470 10 : return true;
3471 : }
3472 :
3473 :
3474 : /*
3475 : * Returns true if the error can be retried.
3476 : */
3477 : static bool
3478 22 : doRetry(CState *st, pg_time_usec_t *now)
3479 : {
3480 : Assert(st->estatus != ESTATUS_NO_ERROR);
3481 :
3482 : /* We can only retry serialization or deadlock errors. */
3483 22 : if (!canRetryError(st->estatus))
3484 18 : return false;
3485 :
3486 : /*
3487 : * We must have at least one option to limit the retrying of transactions
3488 : * that got an error.
3489 : */
3490 : Assert(max_tries || latency_limit || duration > 0);
3491 :
3492 : /*
3493 : * We cannot retry the error if we have reached the maximum number of
3494 : * tries.
3495 : */
3496 4 : if (max_tries && st->tries >= max_tries)
3497 0 : return false;
3498 :
3499 : /*
3500 : * We cannot retry the error if we spent too much time on this
3501 : * transaction.
3502 : */
3503 4 : if (latency_limit)
3504 : {
3505 0 : pg_time_now_lazy(now);
3506 0 : if (*now - st->txn_scheduled > latency_limit)
3507 0 : return false;
3508 : }
3509 :
3510 : /*
3511 : * We cannot retry the error if the benchmark duration is over.
3512 : */
3513 4 : if (timer_exceeded)
3514 0 : return false;
3515 :
3516 : /* OK */
3517 4 : return true;
3518 : }
3519 :
3520 : /*
3521 : * Read and discard results until the last sync point.
3522 : */
3523 : static int
3524 0 : discardUntilSync(CState *st)
3525 : {
3526 0 : bool received_sync = false;
3527 :
3528 : /*
3529 : * Send a Sync message to ensure at least one PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC is
3530 : * received and to avoid an infinite loop, since all earlier ones may have
3531 : * already been received.
3532 : */
3533 0 : if (!PQpipelineSync(st->con))
3534 : {
3535 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted: failed to send a pipeline sync",
3536 : st->id);
3537 0 : return 0;
3538 : }
3539 :
3540 : /*
3541 : * Continue reading results until the last sync point, i.e., until
3542 : * reaching null just after PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC.
3543 : */
3544 : for (;;)
3545 0 : {
3546 0 : PGresult *res = PQgetResult(st->con);
3547 :
3548 0 : if (PQstatus(st->con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
3549 : {
3550 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted while rolling back the transaction after an error; perhaps the backend died while processing",
3551 : st->id);
3552 0 : PQclear(res);
3553 0 : return 0;
3554 : }
3555 :
3556 0 : if (PQresultStatus(res) == PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC)
3557 0 : received_sync = true;
3558 0 : else if (received_sync && res == NULL)
3559 : {
3560 : /*
3561 : * Reset ongoing sync count to 0 since all PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC
3562 : * results have been discarded.
3563 : */
3564 0 : st->num_syncs = 0;
3565 0 : break;
3566 : }
3567 : else
3568 : {
3569 : /*
3570 : * If a PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC is followed by something other than
3571 : * PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC or NULL, another PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC will
3572 : * appear later. Reset received_sync to false to wait for it.
3573 : */
3574 0 : received_sync = false;
3575 : }
3576 0 : PQclear(res);
3577 : }
3578 :
3579 : /* exit pipeline */
3580 0 : if (PQexitPipelineMode(st->con) != 1)
3581 : {
3582 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted: failed to exit pipeline mode for rolling back the failed transaction",
3583 : st->id);
3584 0 : return 0;
3585 : }
3586 0 : return 1;
3587 : }
3588 :
3589 : /*
3590 : * Get the transaction status at the end of a command especially for
3591 : * checking if we are in a (failed) transaction block.
3592 : */
3593 : static TStatus
3594 15324 : getTransactionStatus(PGconn *con)
3595 : {
3596 : PGTransactionStatusType tx_status;
3597 :
3598 15324 : tx_status = PQtransactionStatus(con);
3599 15324 : switch (tx_status)
3600 : {
3601 15320 : case PQTRANS_IDLE:
3602 15320 : return TSTATUS_IDLE;
3603 4 : case PQTRANS_INTRANS:
3604 : case PQTRANS_INERROR:
3605 4 : return TSTATUS_IN_BLOCK;
3606 0 : case PQTRANS_UNKNOWN:
3607 : /* PQTRANS_UNKNOWN is expected given a broken connection */
3608 0 : if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
3609 0 : return TSTATUS_CONN_ERROR;
3610 : /* fall through */
3611 : case PQTRANS_ACTIVE:
3612 : default:
3613 :
3614 : /*
3615 : * We cannot find out whether we are in a transaction block or
3616 : * not. Internal error which should never occur.
3617 : */
3618 0 : pg_log_error("unexpected transaction status %d", tx_status);
3619 0 : return TSTATUS_OTHER_ERROR;
3620 : }
3621 :
3622 : /* not reached */
3623 : Assert(false);
3624 : return TSTATUS_OTHER_ERROR;
3625 : }
3626 :
3627 : /*
3628 : * Print verbose messages of an error
3629 : */
3630 : static void
3631 4 : printVerboseErrorMessages(CState *st, pg_time_usec_t *now, bool is_retry)
3632 : {
3633 : static PQExpBuffer buf = NULL;
3634 :
3635 4 : if (buf == NULL)
3636 4 : buf = createPQExpBuffer();
3637 : else
3638 0 : resetPQExpBuffer(buf);
3639 :
3640 4 : printfPQExpBuffer(buf, "client %d ", st->id);
3641 4 : appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, (is_retry ?
3642 : "repeats the transaction after the error" :
3643 : "ends the failed transaction"));
3644 4 : appendPQExpBuffer(buf, " (try %u", st->tries);
3645 :
3646 : /* Print max_tries if it is not unlimited. */
3647 4 : if (max_tries)
3648 4 : appendPQExpBuffer(buf, "/%u", max_tries);
3649 :
3650 : /*
3651 : * If the latency limit is used, print a percentage of the current
3652 : * transaction latency from the latency limit.
3653 : */
3654 4 : if (latency_limit)
3655 : {
3656 0 : pg_time_now_lazy(now);
3657 0 : appendPQExpBuffer(buf, ", %.3f%% of the maximum time of tries was used",
3658 0 : (100.0 * (*now - st->txn_scheduled) / latency_limit));
3659 : }
3660 4 : appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, ")\n");
3661 :
3662 4 : pg_log_info("%s", buf->data);
3663 4 : }
3664 :
3665 : /*
3666 : * Advance the state machine of a connection.
3667 : */
3668 : static void
3669 34574 : advanceConnectionState(TState *thread, CState *st, StatsData *agg)
3670 : {
3671 :
3672 : /*
3673 : * gettimeofday() isn't free, so we get the current timestamp lazily the
3674 : * first time it's needed, and reuse the same value throughout this
3675 : * function after that. This also ensures that e.g. the calculated
3676 : * latency reported in the log file and in the totals are the same. Zero
3677 : * means "not set yet". Reset "now" when we execute shell commands or
3678 : * expressions, which might take a non-negligible amount of time, though.
3679 : */
3680 34574 : pg_time_usec_t now = 0;
3681 :
3682 : /*
3683 : * Loop in the state machine, until we have to wait for a result from the
3684 : * server or have to sleep for throttling or \sleep.
3685 : *
3686 : * Note: In the switch-statement below, 'break' will loop back here,
3687 : * meaning "continue in the state machine". Return is used to return to
3688 : * the caller, giving the thread the opportunity to advance another
3689 : * client.
3690 : */
3691 : for (;;)
3692 120540 : {
3693 : Command *command;
3694 :
3695 155114 : switch (st->state)
3696 : {
3697 : /* Select transaction (script) to run. */
3698 15410 : case CSTATE_CHOOSE_SCRIPT:
3699 15410 : st->use_file = chooseScript(thread);
3700 : Assert(conditional_stack_empty(st->cstack));
3701 :
3702 : /* reset transaction variables to default values */
3703 15410 : st->estatus = ESTATUS_NO_ERROR;
3704 15410 : st->tries = 1;
3705 :
3706 15410 : pg_log_debug("client %d executing script \"%s\"",
3707 : st->id, sql_script[st->use_file].desc);
3708 :
3709 : /*
3710 : * If time is over, we're done; otherwise, get ready to start
3711 : * a new transaction, or to get throttled if that's requested.
3712 : */
3713 30820 : st->state = timer_exceeded ? CSTATE_FINISHED :
3714 15410 : throttle_delay > 0 ? CSTATE_PREPARE_THROTTLE : CSTATE_START_TX;
3715 15410 : break;
3716 :
3717 : /* Start new transaction (script) */
3718 15408 : case CSTATE_START_TX:
3719 15408 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
3720 :
3721 : /* establish connection if needed, i.e. under --connect */
3722 15408 : if (st->con == NULL)
3723 : {
3724 220 : pg_time_usec_t start = now;
3725 :
3726 220 : if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
3727 : {
3728 : /*
3729 : * as the bench is already running, we do not abort
3730 : * the process
3731 : */
3732 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted while establishing connection", st->id);
3733 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
3734 0 : break;
3735 : }
3736 :
3737 : /* reset now after connection */
3738 220 : now = pg_time_now();
3739 :
3740 220 : thread->conn_duration += now - start;
3741 :
3742 : /* Reset session-local state */
3743 220 : pg_free(st->prepared);
3744 220 : st->prepared = NULL;
3745 : }
3746 :
3747 : /*
3748 : * It is the first try to run this transaction. Remember the
3749 : * random state: maybe it will get an error and we will need
3750 : * to run it again.
3751 : */
3752 15408 : st->random_state = st->cs_func_rs;
3753 :
3754 : /* record transaction start time */
3755 15408 : st->txn_begin = now;
3756 :
3757 : /*
3758 : * When not throttling, this is also the transaction's
3759 : * scheduled start time.
3760 : */
3761 15408 : if (!throttle_delay)
3762 15006 : st->txn_scheduled = now;
3763 :
3764 : /* Begin with the first command */
3765 15408 : st->state = CSTATE_START_COMMAND;
3766 15408 : st->command = 0;
3767 15408 : break;
3768 :
3769 : /*
3770 : * Handle throttling once per transaction by sleeping.
3771 : */
3772 420 : case CSTATE_PREPARE_THROTTLE:
3773 :
3774 : /*
3775 : * Generate a delay such that the series of delays will
3776 : * approximate a Poisson distribution centered on the
3777 : * throttle_delay time.
3778 : *
3779 : * If transactions are too slow or a given wait is shorter
3780 : * than a transaction, the next transaction will start right
3781 : * away.
3782 : */
3783 : Assert(throttle_delay > 0);
3784 :
3785 420 : thread->throttle_trigger +=
3786 420 : getPoissonRand(&thread->ts_throttle_rs, throttle_delay);
3787 420 : st->txn_scheduled = thread->throttle_trigger;
3788 :
3789 : /*
3790 : * If --latency-limit is used, and this slot is already late
3791 : * so that the transaction will miss the latency limit even if
3792 : * it completed immediately, skip this time slot and loop to
3793 : * reschedule.
3794 : */
3795 420 : if (latency_limit)
3796 : {
3797 420 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
3798 :
3799 420 : if (thread->throttle_trigger < now - latency_limit)
3800 : {
3801 18 : processXactStats(thread, st, &now, true, agg);
3802 :
3803 : /*
3804 : * Finish client if -T or -t was exceeded.
3805 : *
3806 : * Stop counting skipped transactions under -T as soon
3807 : * as the timer is exceeded. Because otherwise it can
3808 : * take a very long time to count all of them
3809 : * especially when quite a lot of them happen with
3810 : * unrealistically high rate setting in -R, which
3811 : * would prevent pgbench from ending immediately.
3812 : * Because of this behavior, note that there is no
3813 : * guarantee that all skipped transactions are counted
3814 : * under -T though there is under -t. This is OK in
3815 : * practice because it's very unlikely to happen with
3816 : * realistic setting.
3817 : */
3818 18 : if (timer_exceeded || (nxacts > 0 && st->cnt >= nxacts))
3819 2 : st->state = CSTATE_FINISHED;
3820 :
3821 : /* Go back to top of loop with CSTATE_PREPARE_THROTTLE */
3822 18 : break;
3823 : }
3824 : }
3825 :
3826 : /*
3827 : * stop client if next transaction is beyond pgbench end of
3828 : * execution; otherwise, throttle it.
3829 : */
3830 0 : st->state = end_time > 0 && st->txn_scheduled > end_time ?
3831 402 : CSTATE_FINISHED : CSTATE_THROTTLE;
3832 402 : break;
3833 :
3834 : /*
3835 : * Wait until it's time to start next transaction.
3836 : */
3837 402 : case CSTATE_THROTTLE:
3838 402 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
3839 :
3840 402 : if (now < st->txn_scheduled)
3841 0 : return; /* still sleeping, nothing to do here */
3842 :
3843 : /* done sleeping, but don't start transaction if we're done */
3844 402 : st->state = timer_exceeded ? CSTATE_FINISHED : CSTATE_START_TX;
3845 402 : break;
3846 :
3847 : /*
3848 : * Send a command to server (or execute a meta-command)
3849 : */
3850 41034 : case CSTATE_START_COMMAND:
3851 41034 : command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command];
3852 :
3853 : /*
3854 : * Transition to script end processing if done, but close up
3855 : * shop if a pipeline is open at this point.
3856 : */
3857 41034 : if (command == NULL)
3858 : {
3859 15290 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
3860 15284 : st->state = CSTATE_END_TX;
3861 : else
3862 : {
3863 6 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted: end of script reached with pipeline open",
3864 : st->id);
3865 6 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
3866 : }
3867 :
3868 15290 : break;
3869 : }
3870 :
3871 : /* record begin time of next command, and initiate it */
3872 25744 : if (report_per_command)
3873 : {
3874 802 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
3875 802 : st->stmt_begin = now;
3876 : }
3877 :
3878 : /* Execute the command */
3879 25744 : if (command->type == SQL_COMMAND)
3880 : {
3881 : /* disallow \aset and \gset in pipeline mode */
3882 20958 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
3883 : {
3884 1048 : if (command->meta == META_GSET)
3885 : {
3886 2 : commandFailed(st, "gset", "\\gset is not allowed in pipeline mode");
3887 2 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
3888 2 : break;
3889 : }
3890 1046 : else if (command->meta == META_ASET)
3891 : {
3892 0 : commandFailed(st, "aset", "\\aset is not allowed in pipeline mode");
3893 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
3894 0 : break;
3895 : }
3896 : }
3897 :
3898 20956 : if (!sendCommand(st, command))
3899 : {
3900 0 : commandFailed(st, "SQL", "SQL command send failed");
3901 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
3902 : }
3903 : else
3904 : {
3905 : /* Wait for results, unless in pipeline mode */
3906 20956 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
3907 19910 : st->state = CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT;
3908 : else
3909 1046 : st->state = CSTATE_END_COMMAND;
3910 : }
3911 : }
3912 4786 : else if (command->type == META_COMMAND)
3913 : {
3914 : /*-----
3915 : * Possible state changes when executing meta commands:
3916 : * - on errors CSTATE_ABORTED
3917 : * - on sleep CSTATE_SLEEP
3918 : * - else CSTATE_END_COMMAND
3919 : */
3920 4786 : st->state = executeMetaCommand(st, &now);
3921 4786 : if (st->state == CSTATE_ABORTED)
3922 62 : st->estatus = ESTATUS_META_COMMAND_ERROR;
3923 : }
3924 :
3925 : /*
3926 : * We're now waiting for an SQL command to complete, or
3927 : * finished processing a metacommand, or need to sleep, or
3928 : * something bad happened.
3929 : */
3930 : Assert(st->state == CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT ||
3931 : st->state == CSTATE_END_COMMAND ||
3932 : st->state == CSTATE_SLEEP ||
3933 : st->state == CSTATE_ABORTED);
3934 25742 : break;
3935 :
3936 : /*
3937 : * non executed conditional branch
3938 : */
3939 5478 : case CSTATE_SKIP_COMMAND:
3940 : Assert(!conditional_active(st->cstack));
3941 : /* quickly skip commands until something to do... */
3942 : while (true)
3943 : {
3944 5478 : command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command];
3945 :
3946 : /* cannot reach end of script in that state */
3947 : Assert(command != NULL);
3948 :
3949 : /*
3950 : * if this is conditional related, update conditional
3951 : * state
3952 : */
3953 5478 : if (command->type == META_COMMAND &&
3954 1044 : (command->meta == META_IF ||
3955 1038 : command->meta == META_ELIF ||
3956 1022 : command->meta == META_ELSE ||
3957 1008 : command->meta == META_ENDIF))
3958 : {
3959 1020 : switch (conditional_stack_peek(st->cstack))
3960 : {
3961 990 : case IFSTATE_FALSE:
3962 990 : if (command->meta == META_IF)
3963 : {
3964 : /* nested if in skipped branch - ignore */
3965 4 : conditional_stack_push(st->cstack,
3966 : IFSTATE_IGNORED);
3967 4 : st->command++;
3968 : }
3969 986 : else if (command->meta == META_ELIF)
3970 : {
3971 : /* we must evaluate the condition */
3972 10 : st->state = CSTATE_START_COMMAND;
3973 : }
3974 976 : else if (command->meta == META_ELSE)
3975 : {
3976 : /* we must execute next command */
3977 6 : conditional_stack_poke(st->cstack,
3978 : IFSTATE_ELSE_TRUE);
3979 6 : st->state = CSTATE_START_COMMAND;
3980 6 : st->command++;
3981 : }
3982 970 : else if (command->meta == META_ENDIF)
3983 : {
3984 : Assert(!conditional_stack_empty(st->cstack));
3985 970 : conditional_stack_pop(st->cstack);
3986 970 : if (conditional_active(st->cstack))
3987 970 : st->state = CSTATE_START_COMMAND;
3988 : /* else state remains CSTATE_SKIP_COMMAND */
3989 970 : st->command++;
3990 : }
3991 990 : break;
3992 :
3993 30 : case IFSTATE_IGNORED:
3994 : case IFSTATE_ELSE_FALSE:
3995 30 : if (command->meta == META_IF)
3996 2 : conditional_stack_push(st->cstack,
3997 : IFSTATE_IGNORED);
3998 28 : else if (command->meta == META_ENDIF)
3999 : {
4000 : Assert(!conditional_stack_empty(st->cstack));
4001 14 : conditional_stack_pop(st->cstack);
4002 14 : if (conditional_active(st->cstack))
4003 8 : st->state = CSTATE_START_COMMAND;
4004 : }
4005 : /* could detect "else" & "elif" after "else" */
4006 30 : st->command++;
4007 30 : break;
4008 :
4009 1020 : case IFSTATE_NONE:
4010 : case IFSTATE_TRUE:
4011 : case IFSTATE_ELSE_TRUE:
4012 : default:
4013 :
4014 : /*
4015 : * inconsistent if inactive, unreachable dead
4016 : * code
4017 : */
4018 : Assert(false);
4019 : }
4020 : }
4021 : else
4022 : {
4023 : /* skip and consider next */
4024 4458 : st->command++;
4025 : }
4026 :
4027 5478 : if (st->state != CSTATE_SKIP_COMMAND)
4028 : /* out of quick skip command loop */
4029 994 : break;
4030 : }
4031 994 : break;
4032 :
4033 : /*
4034 : * Wait for the current SQL command to complete
4035 : */
4036 40204 : case CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT:
4037 40204 : pg_log_debug("client %d receiving", st->id);
4038 :
4039 : /*
4040 : * Only check for new network data if we processed all data
4041 : * fetched prior. Otherwise we end up doing a syscall for each
4042 : * individual pipelined query, which has a measurable
4043 : * performance impact.
4044 : */
4045 40204 : if (PQisBusy(st->con) && !PQconsumeInput(st->con))
4046 : {
4047 : /* there's something wrong */
4048 0 : commandFailed(st, "SQL", "perhaps the backend died while processing");
4049 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4050 0 : break;
4051 : }
4052 40204 : if (PQisBusy(st->con))
4053 19156 : return; /* don't have the whole result yet */
4054 :
4055 : /* store or discard the query results */
4056 21048 : if (readCommandResponse(st,
4057 21048 : sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command]->meta,
4058 21048 : sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command]->varprefix))
4059 : {
4060 : /*
4061 : * outside of pipeline mode: stop reading results.
4062 : * pipeline mode: continue reading results until an
4063 : * end-of-pipeline response.
4064 : */
4065 20990 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_ON)
4066 19960 : st->state = CSTATE_END_COMMAND;
4067 : }
4068 58 : else if (canRetryError(st->estatus) || canContinueOnError(st->estatus))
4069 22 : st->state = CSTATE_ERROR;
4070 : else
4071 36 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4072 21048 : break;
4073 :
4074 : /*
4075 : * Wait until sleep is done. This state is entered after a
4076 : * \sleep metacommand. The behavior is similar to
4077 : * CSTATE_THROTTLE, but proceeds to CSTATE_START_COMMAND
4078 : * instead of CSTATE_START_TX.
4079 : */
4080 16 : case CSTATE_SLEEP:
4081 16 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
4082 16 : if (now < st->sleep_until)
4083 6 : return; /* still sleeping, nothing to do here */
4084 : /* Else done sleeping. */
4085 10 : st->state = CSTATE_END_COMMAND;
4086 10 : break;
4087 :
4088 : /*
4089 : * End of command: record stats and proceed to next command.
4090 : */
4091 25622 : case CSTATE_END_COMMAND:
4092 :
4093 : /*
4094 : * command completed: accumulate per-command execution times
4095 : * in thread-local data structure, if per-command latencies
4096 : * are requested.
4097 : */
4098 25622 : if (report_per_command)
4099 : {
4100 802 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
4101 :
4102 802 : command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command];
4103 : /* XXX could use a mutex here, but we choose not to */
4104 802 : addToSimpleStats(&command->stats,
4105 802 : PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(now - st->stmt_begin));
4106 : }
4107 :
4108 : /* Go ahead with next command, to be executed or skipped */
4109 25622 : st->command++;
4110 25622 : st->state = conditional_active(st->cstack) ?
4111 25622 : CSTATE_START_COMMAND : CSTATE_SKIP_COMMAND;
4112 25622 : break;
4113 :
4114 : /*
4115 : * Clean up after an error.
4116 : */
4117 22 : case CSTATE_ERROR:
4118 : {
4119 : TStatus tstatus;
4120 :
4121 : Assert(st->estatus != ESTATUS_NO_ERROR);
4122 :
4123 : /* Clear the conditional stack */
4124 22 : conditional_stack_reset(st->cstack);
4125 :
4126 : /* Read and discard until a sync point in pipeline mode */
4127 22 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
4128 : {
4129 0 : if (!discardUntilSync(st))
4130 : {
4131 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4132 0 : break;
4133 : }
4134 : }
4135 :
4136 : /*
4137 : * Check if we have a (failed) transaction block or not,
4138 : * and roll it back if any.
4139 : */
4140 22 : tstatus = getTransactionStatus(st->con);
4141 22 : if (tstatus == TSTATUS_IN_BLOCK)
4142 : {
4143 : /* Try to rollback a (failed) transaction block. */
4144 2 : if (!PQsendQuery(st->con, "ROLLBACK"))
4145 : {
4146 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted: failed to send sql command for rolling back the failed transaction",
4147 : st->id);
4148 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4149 : }
4150 : else
4151 2 : st->state = CSTATE_WAIT_ROLLBACK_RESULT;
4152 : }
4153 20 : else if (tstatus == TSTATUS_IDLE)
4154 : {
4155 : /*
4156 : * If time is over, we're done; otherwise, check if we
4157 : * can retry the error.
4158 : */
4159 40 : st->state = timer_exceeded ? CSTATE_FINISHED :
4160 20 : doRetry(st, &now) ? CSTATE_RETRY : CSTATE_FAILURE;
4161 : }
4162 : else
4163 : {
4164 0 : if (tstatus == TSTATUS_CONN_ERROR)
4165 0 : pg_log_error("perhaps the backend died while processing");
4166 :
4167 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted while receiving the transaction status", st->id);
4168 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4169 : }
4170 22 : break;
4171 : }
4172 :
4173 : /*
4174 : * Wait for the rollback command to complete
4175 : */
4176 4 : case CSTATE_WAIT_ROLLBACK_RESULT:
4177 : {
4178 : PGresult *res;
4179 :
4180 4 : pg_log_debug("client %d receiving", st->id);
4181 4 : if (!PQconsumeInput(st->con))
4182 : {
4183 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted while rolling back the transaction after an error; perhaps the backend died while processing",
4184 : st->id);
4185 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4186 0 : break;
4187 : }
4188 4 : if (PQisBusy(st->con))
4189 2 : return; /* don't have the whole result yet */
4190 :
4191 : /*
4192 : * Read and discard the query result;
4193 : */
4194 2 : res = PQgetResult(st->con);
4195 2 : switch (PQresultStatus(res))
4196 : {
4197 2 : case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
4198 : /* OK */
4199 2 : PQclear(res);
4200 : /* null must be returned */
4201 2 : res = PQgetResult(st->con);
4202 : Assert(res == NULL);
4203 :
4204 : /*
4205 : * If time is over, we're done; otherwise, check
4206 : * if we can retry the error.
4207 : */
4208 4 : st->state = timer_exceeded ? CSTATE_FINISHED :
4209 2 : doRetry(st, &now) ? CSTATE_RETRY : CSTATE_FAILURE;
4210 2 : break;
4211 0 : default:
4212 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted while rolling back the transaction after an error; %s",
4213 : st->id, PQerrorMessage(st->con));
4214 0 : PQclear(res);
4215 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4216 0 : break;
4217 : }
4218 2 : break;
4219 : }
4220 :
4221 : /*
4222 : * Retry the transaction after an error.
4223 : */
4224 4 : case CSTATE_RETRY:
4225 4 : command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command];
4226 :
4227 : /*
4228 : * Inform that the transaction will be retried after the
4229 : * error.
4230 : */
4231 4 : if (verbose_errors)
4232 4 : printVerboseErrorMessages(st, &now, true);
4233 :
4234 : /* Count tries and retries */
4235 4 : st->tries++;
4236 4 : command->retries++;
4237 :
4238 : /*
4239 : * Reset the random state as they were at the beginning of the
4240 : * transaction.
4241 : */
4242 4 : st->cs_func_rs = st->random_state;
4243 :
4244 : /* Process the first transaction command. */
4245 4 : st->command = 0;
4246 4 : st->estatus = ESTATUS_NO_ERROR;
4247 4 : st->state = CSTATE_START_COMMAND;
4248 4 : break;
4249 :
4250 : /*
4251 : * Record a failed transaction.
4252 : */
4253 18 : case CSTATE_FAILURE:
4254 18 : command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command];
4255 :
4256 : /* Accumulate the failure. */
4257 18 : command->failures++;
4258 :
4259 : /*
4260 : * Inform that the failed transaction will not be retried.
4261 : */
4262 18 : if (verbose_errors)
4263 0 : printVerboseErrorMessages(st, &now, false);
4264 :
4265 : /* End the failed transaction. */
4266 18 : st->state = CSTATE_END_TX;
4267 18 : break;
4268 :
4269 : /*
4270 : * End of transaction (end of script, really).
4271 : */
4272 15302 : case CSTATE_END_TX:
4273 : {
4274 : TStatus tstatus;
4275 :
4276 : /* transaction finished: calculate latency and do log */
4277 15302 : processXactStats(thread, st, &now, false, agg);
4278 :
4279 : /*
4280 : * missing \endif... cannot happen if CheckConditional was
4281 : * okay
4282 : */
4283 : Assert(conditional_stack_empty(st->cstack));
4284 :
4285 : /*
4286 : * We must complete all the transaction blocks that were
4287 : * started in this script.
4288 : */
4289 15302 : tstatus = getTransactionStatus(st->con);
4290 15302 : if (tstatus == TSTATUS_IN_BLOCK)
4291 : {
4292 2 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted: end of script reached without completing the last transaction",
4293 : st->id);
4294 2 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4295 2 : break;
4296 : }
4297 15300 : else if (tstatus != TSTATUS_IDLE)
4298 : {
4299 0 : if (tstatus == TSTATUS_CONN_ERROR)
4300 0 : pg_log_error("perhaps the backend died while processing");
4301 :
4302 0 : pg_log_error("client %d aborted while receiving the transaction status", st->id);
4303 0 : st->state = CSTATE_ABORTED;
4304 0 : break;
4305 : }
4306 :
4307 15300 : if (is_connect)
4308 : {
4309 220 : pg_time_usec_t start = now;
4310 :
4311 220 : pg_time_now_lazy(&start);
4312 220 : finishCon(st);
4313 220 : now = pg_time_now();
4314 220 : thread->conn_duration += now - start;
4315 : }
4316 :
4317 15300 : if ((st->cnt >= nxacts && duration <= 0) || timer_exceeded)
4318 : {
4319 : /* script completed */
4320 144 : st->state = CSTATE_FINISHED;
4321 144 : break;
4322 : }
4323 :
4324 : /* next transaction (script) */
4325 15156 : st->state = CSTATE_CHOOSE_SCRIPT;
4326 :
4327 : /*
4328 : * Ensure that we always return on this point, so as to
4329 : * avoid an infinite loop if the script only contains meta
4330 : * commands.
4331 : */
4332 15156 : return;
4333 : }
4334 :
4335 : /*
4336 : * Final states. Close the connection if it's still open.
4337 : */
4338 254 : case CSTATE_ABORTED:
4339 : case CSTATE_FINISHED:
4340 :
4341 : /*
4342 : * Don't measure the disconnection delays here even if in
4343 : * CSTATE_FINISHED and -C/--connect option is specified.
4344 : * Because in this case all the connections that this thread
4345 : * established are closed at the end of transactions and the
4346 : * disconnection delays should have already been measured at
4347 : * that moment.
4348 : *
4349 : * In CSTATE_ABORTED state, the measurement is no longer
4350 : * necessary because we cannot report complete results anyways
4351 : * in this case.
4352 : */
4353 254 : finishCon(st);
4354 254 : return;
4355 : }
4356 : }
4357 : }
4358 :
4359 : /*
4360 : * Subroutine for advanceConnectionState -- initiate or execute the current
4361 : * meta command, and return the next state to set.
4362 : *
4363 : * *now is updated to the current time, unless the command is expected to
4364 : * take no time to execute.
4365 : */
4366 : static ConnectionStateEnum
4367 4786 : executeMetaCommand(CState *st, pg_time_usec_t *now)
4368 : {
4369 4786 : Command *command = sql_script[st->use_file].commands[st->command];
4370 : int argc;
4371 : char **argv;
4372 :
4373 : Assert(command != NULL && command->type == META_COMMAND);
4374 :
4375 4786 : argc = command->argc;
4376 4786 : argv = command->argv;
4377 :
4378 4786 : if (unlikely(__pg_log_level <= PG_LOG_DEBUG))
4379 : {
4380 : PQExpBufferData buf;
4381 :
4382 1406 : initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
4383 :
4384 1406 : printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "client %d executing \\%s", st->id, argv[0]);
4385 2812 : for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
4386 1406 : appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " %s", argv[i]);
4387 :
4388 1406 : pg_log_debug("%s", buf.data);
4389 :
4390 1406 : termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
4391 : }
4392 :
4393 4786 : if (command->meta == META_SLEEP)
4394 : {
4395 : int usec;
4396 :
4397 : /*
4398 : * A \sleep doesn't execute anything, we just get the delay from the
4399 : * argument, and enter the CSTATE_SLEEP state. (The per-command
4400 : * latency will be recorded in CSTATE_SLEEP state, not here, after the
4401 : * delay has elapsed.)
4402 : */
4403 12 : if (!evaluateSleep(&st->variables, argc, argv, &usec))
4404 : {
4405 2 : commandFailed(st, "sleep", "execution of meta-command failed");
4406 2 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4407 : }
4408 :
4409 10 : pg_time_now_lazy(now);
4410 10 : st->sleep_until = (*now) + usec;
4411 10 : return CSTATE_SLEEP;
4412 : }
4413 4774 : else if (command->meta == META_SET)
4414 : {
4415 3424 : PgBenchExpr *expr = command->expr;
4416 : PgBenchValue result;
4417 :
4418 3424 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, expr, &result))
4419 : {
4420 46 : commandFailed(st, argv[0], "evaluation of meta-command failed");
4421 48 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4422 : }
4423 :
4424 3378 : if (!putVariableValue(&st->variables, argv[0], argv[1], &result))
4425 : {
4426 2 : commandFailed(st, "set", "assignment of meta-command failed");
4427 2 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4428 : }
4429 : }
4430 1350 : else if (command->meta == META_IF)
4431 : {
4432 : /* backslash commands with an expression to evaluate */
4433 1030 : PgBenchExpr *expr = command->expr;
4434 : PgBenchValue result;
4435 : bool cond;
4436 :
4437 1030 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, expr, &result))
4438 : {
4439 0 : commandFailed(st, argv[0], "evaluation of meta-command failed");
4440 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4441 : }
4442 :
4443 1030 : cond = valueTruth(&result);
4444 1030 : conditional_stack_push(st->cstack, cond ? IFSTATE_TRUE : IFSTATE_FALSE);
4445 : }
4446 320 : else if (command->meta == META_ELIF)
4447 : {
4448 : /* backslash commands with an expression to evaluate */
4449 14 : PgBenchExpr *expr = command->expr;
4450 : PgBenchValue result;
4451 : bool cond;
4452 :
4453 14 : if (conditional_stack_peek(st->cstack) == IFSTATE_TRUE)
4454 : {
4455 : /* elif after executed block, skip eval and wait for endif. */
4456 4 : conditional_stack_poke(st->cstack, IFSTATE_IGNORED);
4457 4 : return CSTATE_END_COMMAND;
4458 : }
4459 :
4460 10 : if (!evaluateExpr(st, expr, &result))
4461 : {
4462 0 : commandFailed(st, argv[0], "evaluation of meta-command failed");
4463 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4464 : }
4465 :
4466 10 : cond = valueTruth(&result);
4467 : Assert(conditional_stack_peek(st->cstack) == IFSTATE_FALSE);
4468 10 : conditional_stack_poke(st->cstack, cond ? IFSTATE_TRUE : IFSTATE_FALSE);
4469 : }
4470 306 : else if (command->meta == META_ELSE)
4471 : {
4472 4 : switch (conditional_stack_peek(st->cstack))
4473 : {
4474 4 : case IFSTATE_TRUE:
4475 4 : conditional_stack_poke(st->cstack, IFSTATE_ELSE_FALSE);
4476 4 : break;
4477 4 : case IFSTATE_FALSE: /* inconsistent if active */
4478 : case IFSTATE_IGNORED: /* inconsistent if active */
4479 : case IFSTATE_NONE: /* else without if */
4480 : case IFSTATE_ELSE_TRUE: /* else after else */
4481 : case IFSTATE_ELSE_FALSE: /* else after else */
4482 : default:
4483 : /* dead code if conditional check is ok */
4484 : Assert(false);
4485 : }
4486 : }
4487 302 : else if (command->meta == META_ENDIF)
4488 : {
4489 : Assert(!conditional_stack_empty(st->cstack));
4490 50 : conditional_stack_pop(st->cstack);
4491 : }
4492 252 : else if (command->meta == META_SETSHELL)
4493 : {
4494 6 : if (!runShellCommand(&st->variables, argv[1], argv + 2, argc - 2))
4495 : {
4496 4 : commandFailed(st, "setshell", "execution of meta-command failed");
4497 4 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4498 : }
4499 : }
4500 246 : else if (command->meta == META_SHELL)
4501 : {
4502 6 : if (!runShellCommand(&st->variables, NULL, argv + 1, argc - 1))
4503 : {
4504 4 : commandFailed(st, "shell", "execution of meta-command failed");
4505 4 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4506 : }
4507 : }
4508 240 : else if (command->meta == META_STARTPIPELINE)
4509 : {
4510 : /*
4511 : * In pipeline mode, we use a workflow based on libpq pipeline
4512 : * functions.
4513 : */
4514 120 : if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
4515 : {
4516 0 : commandFailed(st, "startpipeline", "cannot use pipeline mode with the simple query protocol");
4517 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4518 : }
4519 :
4520 : /*
4521 : * If we're in prepared-query mode, we need to prepare all the
4522 : * commands that are inside the pipeline before we actually start the
4523 : * pipeline itself. This solves the problem that running BEGIN
4524 : * ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE in a pipeline would fail due to a
4525 : * snapshot having been acquired by the prepare within the pipeline.
4526 : */
4527 120 : if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
4528 84 : prepareCommandsInPipeline(st);
4529 :
4530 120 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
4531 : {
4532 2 : commandFailed(st, "startpipeline", "already in pipeline mode");
4533 2 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4534 : }
4535 118 : if (PQenterPipelineMode(st->con) == 0)
4536 : {
4537 0 : commandFailed(st, "startpipeline", "failed to enter pipeline mode");
4538 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4539 : }
4540 : }
4541 120 : else if (command->meta == META_SYNCPIPELINE)
4542 : {
4543 10 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_ON)
4544 : {
4545 0 : commandFailed(st, "syncpipeline", "not in pipeline mode");
4546 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4547 : }
4548 10 : if (PQsendPipelineSync(st->con) == 0)
4549 : {
4550 0 : commandFailed(st, "syncpipeline", "failed to send a pipeline sync");
4551 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4552 : }
4553 10 : st->num_syncs++;
4554 : }
4555 110 : else if (command->meta == META_ENDPIPELINE)
4556 : {
4557 110 : if (PQpipelineStatus(st->con) != PQ_PIPELINE_ON)
4558 : {
4559 2 : commandFailed(st, "endpipeline", "not in pipeline mode");
4560 2 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4561 : }
4562 108 : if (!PQpipelineSync(st->con))
4563 : {
4564 0 : commandFailed(st, "endpipeline", "failed to send a pipeline sync");
4565 0 : return CSTATE_ABORTED;
4566 : }
4567 108 : st->num_syncs++;
4568 : /* Now wait for the PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC and exit pipeline mode there */
4569 : /* collect pending results before getting out of pipeline mode */
4570 108 : return CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT;
4571 : }
4572 :
4573 : /*
4574 : * executing the expression or shell command might have taken a
4575 : * non-negligible amount of time, so reset 'now'
4576 : */
4577 4602 : *now = 0;
4578 :
4579 4602 : return CSTATE_END_COMMAND;
4580 : }
4581 :
4582 : /*
4583 : * Return the number of failed transactions.
4584 : */
4585 : static int64
4586 200 : getFailures(const StatsData *stats)
4587 : {
4588 200 : return (stats->serialization_failures +
4589 400 : stats->deadlock_failures +
4590 200 : stats->other_sql_failures);
4591 : }
4592 :
4593 : /*
4594 : * Return a string constant representing the result of a transaction
4595 : * that is not successfully processed.
4596 : */
4597 : static const char *
4598 0 : getResultString(bool skipped, EStatus estatus)
4599 : {
4600 0 : if (skipped)
4601 0 : return "skipped";
4602 0 : else if (failures_detailed)
4603 : {
4604 0 : switch (estatus)
4605 : {
4606 0 : case ESTATUS_SERIALIZATION_ERROR:
4607 0 : return "serialization";
4608 0 : case ESTATUS_DEADLOCK_ERROR:
4609 0 : return "deadlock";
4610 0 : case ESTATUS_OTHER_SQL_ERROR:
4611 0 : return "other";
4612 0 : default:
4613 : /* internal error which should never occur */
4614 0 : pg_fatal("unexpected error status: %d", estatus);
4615 : }
4616 : }
4617 : else
4618 0 : return "failed";
4619 : }
4620 :
4621 : /*
4622 : * Print log entry after completing one transaction.
4623 : *
4624 : * We print Unix-epoch timestamps in the log, so that entries can be
4625 : * correlated against other logs.
4626 : *
4627 : * XXX We could obtain the time from the caller and just shift it here, to
4628 : * avoid the cost of an extra call to pg_time_now().
4629 : */
4630 : static void
4631 220 : doLog(TState *thread, CState *st,
4632 : StatsData *agg, bool skipped, double latency, double lag)
4633 : {
4634 220 : FILE *logfile = thread->logfile;
4635 220 : pg_time_usec_t now = pg_time_now() + epoch_shift;
4636 :
4637 : Assert(use_log);
4638 :
4639 : /*
4640 : * Skip the log entry if sampling is enabled and this row doesn't belong
4641 : * to the random sample.
4642 : */
4643 220 : if (sample_rate != 0.0 &&
4644 200 : pg_prng_double(&thread->ts_sample_rs) > sample_rate)
4645 92 : return;
4646 :
4647 : /* should we aggregate the results or not? */
4648 128 : if (agg_interval > 0)
4649 : {
4650 : pg_time_usec_t next;
4651 :
4652 : /*
4653 : * Loop until we reach the interval of the current moment, and print
4654 : * any empty intervals in between (this may happen with very low tps,
4655 : * e.g. --rate=0.1).
4656 : */
4657 :
4658 0 : while ((next = agg->start_time + agg_interval * INT64CONST(1000000)) <= now)
4659 : {
4660 0 : double lag_sum = 0.0;
4661 0 : double lag_sum2 = 0.0;
4662 0 : double lag_min = 0.0;
4663 0 : double lag_max = 0.0;
4664 0 : int64 skipped = 0;
4665 0 : int64 serialization_failures = 0;
4666 0 : int64 deadlock_failures = 0;
4667 0 : int64 other_sql_failures = 0;
4668 0 : int64 retried = 0;
4669 0 : int64 retries = 0;
4670 :
4671 : /* print aggregated report to logfile */
4672 0 : fprintf(logfile, INT64_FORMAT " " INT64_FORMAT " %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f",
4673 0 : agg->start_time / 1000000, /* seconds since Unix epoch */
4674 : agg->cnt,
4675 : agg->latency.sum,
4676 : agg->latency.sum2,
4677 : agg->latency.min,
4678 : agg->latency.max);
4679 :
4680 0 : if (throttle_delay)
4681 : {
4682 0 : lag_sum = agg->lag.sum;
4683 0 : lag_sum2 = agg->lag.sum2;
4684 0 : lag_min = agg->lag.min;
4685 0 : lag_max = agg->lag.max;
4686 : }
4687 0 : fprintf(logfile, " %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f",
4688 : lag_sum,
4689 : lag_sum2,
4690 : lag_min,
4691 : lag_max);
4692 :
4693 0 : if (latency_limit)
4694 0 : skipped = agg->skipped;
4695 0 : fprintf(logfile, " " INT64_FORMAT, skipped);
4696 :
4697 0 : if (max_tries != 1)
4698 : {
4699 0 : retried = agg->retried;
4700 0 : retries = agg->retries;
4701 : }
4702 0 : fprintf(logfile, " " INT64_FORMAT " " INT64_FORMAT, retried, retries);
4703 :
4704 0 : if (failures_detailed)
4705 : {
4706 0 : serialization_failures = agg->serialization_failures;
4707 0 : deadlock_failures = agg->deadlock_failures;
4708 0 : other_sql_failures = agg->other_sql_failures;
4709 : }
4710 0 : fprintf(logfile, " " INT64_FORMAT " " INT64_FORMAT " " INT64_FORMAT,
4711 : serialization_failures,
4712 : deadlock_failures,
4713 : other_sql_failures);
4714 :
4715 0 : fputc('\n', logfile);
4716 :
4717 : /* reset data and move to next interval */
4718 0 : initStats(agg, next);
4719 : }
4720 :
4721 : /* accumulate the current transaction */
4722 0 : accumStats(agg, skipped, latency, lag, st->estatus, st->tries);
4723 : }
4724 : else
4725 : {
4726 : /* no, print raw transactions */
4727 128 : if (!skipped && st->estatus == ESTATUS_NO_ERROR)
4728 128 : fprintf(logfile, "%d " INT64_FORMAT " %.0f %d " INT64_FORMAT " "
4729 : INT64_FORMAT,
4730 : st->id, st->cnt, latency, st->use_file,
4731 : now / 1000000, now % 1000000);
4732 : else
4733 0 : fprintf(logfile, "%d " INT64_FORMAT " %s %d " INT64_FORMAT " "
4734 : INT64_FORMAT,
4735 : st->id, st->cnt, getResultString(skipped, st->estatus),
4736 : st->use_file, now / 1000000, now % 1000000);
4737 :
4738 128 : if (throttle_delay)
4739 0 : fprintf(logfile, " %.0f", lag);
4740 128 : if (max_tries != 1)
4741 0 : fprintf(logfile, " %u", st->tries - 1);
4742 128 : fputc('\n', logfile);
4743 : }
4744 : }
4745 :
4746 : /*
4747 : * Accumulate and report statistics at end of a transaction.
4748 : *
4749 : * (This is also called when a transaction is late and thus skipped.
4750 : * Note that even skipped and failed transactions are counted in the CState
4751 : * "cnt" field.)
4752 : */
4753 : static void
4754 15320 : processXactStats(TState *thread, CState *st, pg_time_usec_t *now,
4755 : bool skipped, StatsData *agg)
4756 : {
4757 15320 : double latency = 0.0,
4758 15320 : lag = 0.0;
4759 15320 : bool detailed = progress || throttle_delay || latency_limit ||
4760 30640 : use_log || per_script_stats;
4761 :
4762 15320 : if (detailed && !skipped && st->estatus == ESTATUS_NO_ERROR)
4763 : {
4764 3222 : pg_time_now_lazy(now);
4765 :
4766 : /* compute latency & lag */
4767 3222 : latency = (*now) - st->txn_scheduled;
4768 3222 : lag = st->txn_begin - st->txn_scheduled;
4769 : }
4770 :
4771 : /* keep detailed thread stats */
4772 15320 : accumStats(&thread->stats, skipped, latency, lag, st->estatus, st->tries);
4773 :
4774 : /* count transactions over the latency limit, if needed */
4775 15320 : if (latency_limit && latency > latency_limit)
4776 2 : thread->latency_late++;
4777 :
4778 : /* client stat is just counting */
4779 15320 : st->cnt++;
4780 :
4781 15320 : if (use_log)
4782 220 : doLog(thread, st, agg, skipped, latency, lag);
4783 :
4784 : /* XXX could use a mutex here, but we choose not to */
4785 15320 : if (per_script_stats)
4786 2600 : accumStats(&sql_script[st->use_file].stats, skipped, latency, lag,
4787 2600 : st->estatus, st->tries);
4788 15320 : }
4789 :
4790 :
4791 : /* discard connections */
4792 : static void
4793 348 : disconnect_all(CState *state, int length)
4794 : {
4795 : int i;
4796 :
4797 852 : for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
4798 504 : finishCon(&state[i]);
4799 348 : }
4800 :
4801 : /*
4802 : * Remove old pgbench tables, if any exist
4803 : */
4804 : static void
4805 6 : initDropTables(PGconn *con)
4806 : {
4807 6 : fprintf(stderr, "dropping old tables...\n");
4808 :
4809 : /*
4810 : * We drop all the tables in one command, so that whether there are
4811 : * foreign key dependencies or not doesn't matter.
4812 : */
4813 6 : executeStatement(con, "drop table if exists "
4814 : "pgbench_accounts, "
4815 : "pgbench_branches, "
4816 : "pgbench_history, "
4817 : "pgbench_tellers");
4818 6 : }
4819 :
4820 : /*
4821 : * Create "pgbench_accounts" partitions if needed.
4822 : *
4823 : * This is the larger table of pgbench default tpc-b like schema
4824 : * with a known size, so we choose to partition it.
4825 : */
4826 : static void
4827 4 : createPartitions(PGconn *con)
4828 : {
4829 : PQExpBufferData query;
4830 :
4831 : /* we must have to create some partitions */
4832 : Assert(partitions > 0);
4833 :
4834 4 : fprintf(stderr, "creating %d partitions...\n", partitions);
4835 :
4836 4 : initPQExpBuffer(&query);
4837 :
4838 14 : for (int p = 1; p <= partitions; p++)
4839 : {
4840 10 : if (partition_method == PART_RANGE)
4841 : {
4842 6 : int64 part_size = (naccounts * (int64) scale + partitions - 1) / partitions;
4843 :
4844 6 : printfPQExpBuffer(&query,
4845 : "create%s table pgbench_accounts_%d\n"
4846 : " partition of pgbench_accounts\n"
4847 : " for values from (",
4848 6 : unlogged_tables ? " unlogged" : "", p);
4849 :
4850 : /*
4851 : * For RANGE, we use open-ended partitions at the beginning and
4852 : * end to allow any valid value for the primary key. Although the
4853 : * actual minimum and maximum values can be derived from the
4854 : * scale, it is more generic and the performance is better.
4855 : */
4856 6 : if (p == 1)
4857 2 : appendPQExpBufferStr(&query, "minvalue");
4858 : else
4859 4 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query, INT64_FORMAT, (p - 1) * part_size + 1);
4860 :
4861 6 : appendPQExpBufferStr(&query, ") to (");
4862 :
4863 6 : if (p < partitions)
4864 4 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query, INT64_FORMAT, p * part_size + 1);
4865 : else
4866 2 : appendPQExpBufferStr(&query, "maxvalue");
4867 :
4868 6 : appendPQExpBufferChar(&query, ')');
4869 : }
4870 4 : else if (partition_method == PART_HASH)
4871 4 : printfPQExpBuffer(&query,
4872 : "create%s table pgbench_accounts_%d\n"
4873 : " partition of pgbench_accounts\n"
4874 : " for values with (modulus %d, remainder %d)",
4875 4 : unlogged_tables ? " unlogged" : "", p,
4876 : partitions, p - 1);
4877 : else /* cannot get there */
4878 : Assert(0);
4879 :
4880 : /*
4881 : * Per ddlinfo in initCreateTables, fillfactor is needed on table
4882 : * pgbench_accounts.
4883 : */
4884 10 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query, " with (fillfactor=%d)", fillfactor);
4885 :
4886 10 : executeStatement(con, query.data);
4887 : }
4888 :
4889 4 : termPQExpBuffer(&query);
4890 4 : }
4891 :
4892 : /*
4893 : * Create pgbench's standard tables
4894 : */
4895 : static void
4896 6 : initCreateTables(PGconn *con)
4897 : {
4898 : /*
4899 : * Note: TPC-B requires at least 100 bytes per row, and the "filler"
4900 : * fields in these table declarations were intended to comply with that.
4901 : * The pgbench_accounts table complies with that because the "filler"
4902 : * column is set to blank-padded empty string. But for all other tables
4903 : * the columns default to NULL and so don't actually take any space. We
4904 : * could fix that by giving them non-null default values. However, that
4905 : * would completely break comparability of pgbench results with prior
4906 : * versions. Since pgbench has never pretended to be fully TPC-B compliant
4907 : * anyway, we stick with the historical behavior.
4908 : */
4909 : struct ddlinfo
4910 : {
4911 : const char *table; /* table name */
4912 : const char *smcols; /* column decls if accountIDs are 32 bits */
4913 : const char *bigcols; /* column decls if accountIDs are 64 bits */
4914 : int declare_fillfactor;
4915 : };
4916 : static const struct ddlinfo DDLs[] = {
4917 : {
4918 : "pgbench_history",
4919 : "tid int,bid int,aid int,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
4920 : "tid int,bid int,aid bigint,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
4921 : 0
4922 : },
4923 : {
4924 : "pgbench_tellers",
4925 : "tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
4926 : "tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
4927 : 1
4928 : },
4929 : {
4930 : "pgbench_accounts",
4931 : "aid int not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
4932 : "aid bigint not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
4933 : 1
4934 : },
4935 : {
4936 : "pgbench_branches",
4937 : "bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
4938 : "bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
4939 : 1
4940 : }
4941 : };
4942 : int i;
4943 : PQExpBufferData query;
4944 :
4945 6 : fprintf(stderr, "creating tables...\n");
4946 :
4947 6 : initPQExpBuffer(&query);
4948 :
4949 30 : for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLs); i++)
4950 : {
4951 24 : const struct ddlinfo *ddl = &DDLs[i];
4952 :
4953 : /* Construct new create table statement. */
4954 48 : printfPQExpBuffer(&query, "create%s table %s(%s)",
4955 16 : (unlogged_tables && partition_method == PART_NONE) ? " unlogged" : "",
4956 24 : ddl->table,
4957 24 : (scale >= SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD) ? ddl->bigcols : ddl->smcols);
4958 :
4959 : /* Partition pgbench_accounts table */
4960 24 : if (partition_method != PART_NONE && strcmp(ddl->table, "pgbench_accounts") == 0)
4961 4 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query,
4962 4 : " partition by %s (aid)", PARTITION_METHOD[partition_method]);
4963 20 : else if (ddl->declare_fillfactor)
4964 : {
4965 : /* fillfactor is only expected on actual tables */
4966 14 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query, " with (fillfactor=%d)", fillfactor);
4967 : }
4968 :
4969 24 : if (tablespace != NULL)
4970 : {
4971 : char *escape_tablespace;
4972 :
4973 8 : escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, tablespace, strlen(tablespace));
4974 8 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query, " tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
4975 8 : PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
4976 : }
4977 :
4978 24 : executeStatement(con, query.data);
4979 : }
4980 :
4981 6 : termPQExpBuffer(&query);
4982 :
4983 6 : if (partition_method != PART_NONE)
4984 4 : createPartitions(con);
4985 6 : }
4986 :
4987 : /*
4988 : * Truncate away any old data, in one command in case there are foreign keys
4989 : */
4990 : static void
4991 6 : initTruncateTables(PGconn *con)
4992 : {
4993 6 : executeStatement(con, "truncate table "
4994 : "pgbench_accounts, "
4995 : "pgbench_branches, "
4996 : "pgbench_history, "
4997 : "pgbench_tellers");
4998 6 : }
4999 :
5000 : static void
5001 4 : initBranch(PQExpBufferData *sql, int64 curr)
5002 : {
5003 : /* "filler" column uses NULL */
5004 4 : printfPQExpBuffer(sql,
5005 : INT64_FORMAT "\t0\t\\N\n",
5006 : curr + 1);
5007 4 : }
5008 :
5009 : static void
5010 40 : initTeller(PQExpBufferData *sql, int64 curr)
5011 : {
5012 : /* "filler" column uses NULL */
5013 40 : printfPQExpBuffer(sql,
5014 : INT64_FORMAT "\t" INT64_FORMAT "\t0\t\\N\n",
5015 40 : curr + 1, curr / ntellers + 1);
5016 40 : }
5017 :
5018 : static void
5019 400000 : initAccount(PQExpBufferData *sql, int64 curr)
5020 : {
5021 : /* "filler" column defaults to blank padded empty string */
5022 400000 : printfPQExpBuffer(sql,
5023 : INT64_FORMAT "\t" INT64_FORMAT "\t0\t\n",
5024 400000 : curr + 1, curr / naccounts + 1);
5025 400000 : }
5026 :
5027 : static void
5028 12 : initPopulateTable(PGconn *con, const char *table, int64 base,
5029 : initRowMethod init_row)
5030 : {
5031 : int n;
5032 : int64 k;
5033 12 : int chars = 0;
5034 12 : int prev_chars = 0;
5035 : PGresult *res;
5036 : PQExpBufferData sql;
5037 : char copy_statement[256];
5038 12 : const char *copy_statement_fmt = "copy %s from stdin";
5039 12 : int64 total = base * scale;
5040 :
5041 : /* used to track elapsed time and estimate of the remaining time */
5042 : pg_time_usec_t start;
5043 12 : int log_interval = 1;
5044 :
5045 : /* Stay on the same line if reporting to a terminal */
5046 12 : char eol = isatty(fileno(stderr)) ? '\r' : '\n';
5047 :
5048 12 : initPQExpBuffer(&sql);
5049 :
5050 : /* Use COPY with FREEZE on v14 and later for all ordinary tables */
5051 24 : if ((PQserverVersion(con) >= 140000) &&
5052 12 : get_table_relkind(con, table) == RELKIND_RELATION)
5053 10 : copy_statement_fmt = "copy %s from stdin with (freeze on)";
5054 :
5055 :
5056 12 : n = pg_snprintf(copy_statement, sizeof(copy_statement), copy_statement_fmt, table);
5057 12 : if (n >= sizeof(copy_statement))
5058 0 : pg_fatal("invalid buffer size: must be at least %d characters long", n);
5059 12 : else if (n == -1)
5060 0 : pg_fatal("invalid format string");
5061 :
5062 12 : res = PQexec(con, copy_statement);
5063 :
5064 12 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_IN)
5065 0 : pg_fatal("unexpected copy in result: %s", PQerrorMessage(con));
5066 12 : PQclear(res);
5067 :
5068 12 : start = pg_time_now();
5069 :
5070 400056 : for (k = 0; k < total; k++)
5071 : {
5072 400044 : int64 j = k + 1;
5073 :
5074 400044 : init_row(&sql, k);
5075 400044 : if (PQputline(con, sql.data))
5076 0 : pg_fatal("PQputline failed");
5077 :
5078 400044 : if (CancelRequested)
5079 0 : break;
5080 :
5081 : /*
5082 : * If we want to stick with the original logging, print a message each
5083 : * 100k inserted rows.
5084 : */
5085 400044 : if ((!use_quiet) && (j % 100000 == 0))
5086 2 : {
5087 2 : double elapsed_sec = PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(pg_time_now() - start);
5088 2 : double remaining_sec = ((double) total - j) * elapsed_sec / j;
5089 :
5090 2 : chars = fprintf(stderr, INT64_FORMAT " of " INT64_FORMAT " tuples (%d%%) of %s done (elapsed %.2f s, remaining %.2f s)",
5091 : j, total,
5092 2 : (int) ((j * 100) / total),
5093 : table, elapsed_sec, remaining_sec);
5094 :
5095 : /*
5096 : * If the previous progress message is longer than the current
5097 : * one, add spaces to the current line to fully overwrite any
5098 : * remaining characters from the previous message.
5099 : */
5100 2 : if (prev_chars > chars)
5101 0 : fprintf(stderr, "%*c", prev_chars - chars, ' ');
5102 2 : fputc(eol, stderr);
5103 2 : prev_chars = chars;
5104 : }
5105 : /* let's not call the timing for each row, but only each 100 rows */
5106 400042 : else if (use_quiet && (j % 100 == 0))
5107 : {
5108 2000 : double elapsed_sec = PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(pg_time_now() - start);
5109 2000 : double remaining_sec = ((double) total - j) * elapsed_sec / j;
5110 :
5111 : /* have we reached the next interval (or end)? */
5112 2000 : if ((j == total) || (elapsed_sec >= log_interval * LOG_STEP_SECONDS))
5113 : {
5114 2 : chars = fprintf(stderr, INT64_FORMAT " of " INT64_FORMAT " tuples (%d%%) of %s done (elapsed %.2f s, remaining %.2f s)",
5115 : j, total,
5116 2 : (int) ((j * 100) / total),
5117 : table, elapsed_sec, remaining_sec);
5118 :
5119 : /*
5120 : * If the previous progress message is longer than the current
5121 : * one, add spaces to the current line to fully overwrite any
5122 : * remaining characters from the previous message.
5123 : */
5124 2 : if (prev_chars > chars)
5125 0 : fprintf(stderr, "%*c", prev_chars - chars, ' ');
5126 2 : fputc(eol, stderr);
5127 2 : prev_chars = chars;
5128 :
5129 : /* skip to the next interval */
5130 2 : log_interval = (int) ceil(elapsed_sec / LOG_STEP_SECONDS);
5131 : }
5132 : }
5133 : }
5134 :
5135 12 : if (chars != 0 && eol != '\n')
5136 0 : fprintf(stderr, "%*c\r", chars, ' '); /* Clear the current line */
5137 :
5138 12 : if (PQputline(con, "\\.\n"))
5139 0 : pg_fatal("very last PQputline failed");
5140 12 : if (PQendcopy(con))
5141 0 : pg_fatal("PQendcopy failed");
5142 :
5143 12 : termPQExpBuffer(&sql);
5144 12 : }
5145 :
5146 : /*
5147 : * Fill the standard tables with some data generated and sent from the client.
5148 : *
5149 : * The filler column is NULL in pgbench_branches and pgbench_tellers, and is
5150 : * a blank-padded string in pgbench_accounts.
5151 : */
5152 : static void
5153 4 : initGenerateDataClientSide(PGconn *con)
5154 : {
5155 4 : fprintf(stderr, "generating data (client-side)...\n");
5156 :
5157 : /*
5158 : * we do all of this in one transaction to enable the backend's
5159 : * data-loading optimizations
5160 : */
5161 4 : executeStatement(con, "begin");
5162 :
5163 : /* truncate away any old data */
5164 4 : initTruncateTables(con);
5165 :
5166 : /*
5167 : * fill branches, tellers, accounts in that order in case foreign keys
5168 : * already exist
5169 : */
5170 4 : initPopulateTable(con, "pgbench_branches", nbranches, initBranch);
5171 4 : initPopulateTable(con, "pgbench_tellers", ntellers, initTeller);
5172 4 : initPopulateTable(con, "pgbench_accounts", naccounts, initAccount);
5173 :
5174 4 : executeStatement(con, "commit");
5175 4 : }
5176 :
5177 : /*
5178 : * Fill the standard tables with some data generated on the server
5179 : *
5180 : * As already the case with the client-side data generation, the filler
5181 : * column defaults to NULL in pgbench_branches and pgbench_tellers,
5182 : * and is a blank-padded string in pgbench_accounts.
5183 : */
5184 : static void
5185 2 : initGenerateDataServerSide(PGconn *con)
5186 : {
5187 : PQExpBufferData sql;
5188 :
5189 2 : fprintf(stderr, "generating data (server-side)...\n");
5190 :
5191 : /*
5192 : * we do all of this in one transaction to enable the backend's
5193 : * data-loading optimizations
5194 : */
5195 2 : executeStatement(con, "begin");
5196 :
5197 : /* truncate away any old data */
5198 2 : initTruncateTables(con);
5199 :
5200 2 : initPQExpBuffer(&sql);
5201 :
5202 2 : printfPQExpBuffer(&sql,
5203 : "insert into pgbench_branches(bid,bbalance) "
5204 : "select bid, 0 "
5205 : "from generate_series(1, %d) as bid", nbranches * scale);
5206 2 : executeStatement(con, sql.data);
5207 :
5208 2 : printfPQExpBuffer(&sql,
5209 : "insert into pgbench_tellers(tid,bid,tbalance) "
5210 : "select tid, (tid - 1) / %d + 1, 0 "
5211 : "from generate_series(1, %d) as tid", ntellers, ntellers * scale);
5212 2 : executeStatement(con, sql.data);
5213 :
5214 2 : printfPQExpBuffer(&sql,
5215 : "insert into pgbench_accounts(aid,bid,abalance,filler) "
5216 : "select aid, (aid - 1) / %d + 1, 0, '' "
5217 : "from generate_series(1, " INT64_FORMAT ") as aid",
5218 : naccounts, (int64) naccounts * scale);
5219 2 : executeStatement(con, sql.data);
5220 :
5221 2 : termPQExpBuffer(&sql);
5222 :
5223 2 : executeStatement(con, "commit");
5224 2 : }
5225 :
5226 : /*
5227 : * Invoke vacuum on the standard tables
5228 : */
5229 : static void
5230 4 : initVacuum(PGconn *con)
5231 : {
5232 4 : fprintf(stderr, "vacuuming...\n");
5233 4 : executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_branches");
5234 4 : executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_tellers");
5235 4 : executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
5236 4 : executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_history");
5237 4 : }
5238 :
5239 : /*
5240 : * Create primary keys on the standard tables
5241 : */
5242 : static void
5243 6 : initCreatePKeys(PGconn *con)
5244 : {
5245 : static const char *const DDLINDEXes[] = {
5246 : "alter table pgbench_branches add primary key (bid)",
5247 : "alter table pgbench_tellers add primary key (tid)",
5248 : "alter table pgbench_accounts add primary key (aid)"
5249 : };
5250 : int i;
5251 : PQExpBufferData query;
5252 :
5253 6 : fprintf(stderr, "creating primary keys...\n");
5254 6 : initPQExpBuffer(&query);
5255 :
5256 24 : for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLINDEXes); i++)
5257 : {
5258 18 : resetPQExpBuffer(&query);
5259 18 : appendPQExpBufferStr(&query, DDLINDEXes[i]);
5260 :
5261 18 : if (index_tablespace != NULL)
5262 : {
5263 : char *escape_tablespace;
5264 :
5265 6 : escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, index_tablespace,
5266 : strlen(index_tablespace));
5267 6 : appendPQExpBuffer(&query, " using index tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
5268 6 : PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
5269 : }
5270 :
5271 18 : executeStatement(con, query.data);
5272 : }
5273 :
5274 6 : termPQExpBuffer(&query);
5275 6 : }
5276 :
5277 : /*
5278 : * Create foreign key constraints between the standard tables
5279 : */
5280 : static void
5281 4 : initCreateFKeys(PGconn *con)
5282 : {
5283 : static const char *const DDLKEYs[] = {
5284 : "alter table pgbench_tellers add constraint pgbench_tellers_bid_fkey foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
5285 : "alter table pgbench_accounts add constraint pgbench_accounts_bid_fkey foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
5286 : "alter table pgbench_history add constraint pgbench_history_bid_fkey foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
5287 : "alter table pgbench_history add constraint pgbench_history_tid_fkey foreign key (tid) references pgbench_tellers",
5288 : "alter table pgbench_history add constraint pgbench_history_aid_fkey foreign key (aid) references pgbench_accounts"
5289 : };
5290 : int i;
5291 :
5292 4 : fprintf(stderr, "creating foreign keys...\n");
5293 24 : for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLKEYs); i++)
5294 : {
5295 20 : executeStatement(con, DDLKEYs[i]);
5296 : }
5297 4 : }
5298 :
5299 : /*
5300 : * Validate an initialization-steps string
5301 : *
5302 : * (We could just leave it to runInitSteps() to fail if there are wrong
5303 : * characters, but since initialization can take awhile, it seems friendlier
5304 : * to check during option parsing.)
5305 : */
5306 : static void
5307 8 : checkInitSteps(const char *initialize_steps)
5308 : {
5309 8 : if (initialize_steps[0] == '\0')
5310 0 : pg_fatal("no initialization steps specified");
5311 :
5312 42 : for (const char *step = initialize_steps; *step != '\0'; step++)
5313 : {
5314 36 : if (strchr(ALL_INIT_STEPS " ", *step) == NULL)
5315 : {
5316 2 : pg_log_error("unrecognized initialization step \"%c\"", *step);
5317 2 : pg_log_error_detail("Allowed step characters are: \"" ALL_INIT_STEPS "\".");
5318 2 : exit(1);
5319 : }
5320 : }
5321 6 : }
5322 :
5323 : /*
5324 : * Invoke each initialization step in the given string
5325 : */
5326 : static void
5327 6 : runInitSteps(const char *initialize_steps)
5328 : {
5329 : PQExpBufferData stats;
5330 : PGconn *con;
5331 : const char *step;
5332 6 : double run_time = 0.0;
5333 6 : bool first = true;
5334 :
5335 6 : initPQExpBuffer(&stats);
5336 :
5337 6 : if ((con = doConnect()) == NULL)
5338 0 : pg_fatal("could not create connection for initialization");
5339 :
5340 6 : setup_cancel_handler(NULL);
5341 6 : SetCancelConn(con);
5342 :
5343 44 : for (step = initialize_steps; *step != '\0'; step++)
5344 : {
5345 38 : char *op = NULL;
5346 38 : pg_time_usec_t start = pg_time_now();
5347 :
5348 38 : switch (*step)
5349 : {
5350 6 : case 'd':
5351 6 : op = "drop tables";
5352 6 : initDropTables(con);
5353 6 : break;
5354 6 : case 't':
5355 6 : op = "create tables";
5356 6 : initCreateTables(con);
5357 6 : break;
5358 4 : case 'g':
5359 4 : op = "client-side generate";
5360 4 : initGenerateDataClientSide(con);
5361 4 : break;
5362 2 : case 'G':
5363 2 : op = "server-side generate";
5364 2 : initGenerateDataServerSide(con);
5365 2 : break;
5366 4 : case 'v':
5367 4 : op = "vacuum";
5368 4 : initVacuum(con);
5369 4 : break;
5370 6 : case 'p':
5371 6 : op = "primary keys";
5372 6 : initCreatePKeys(con);
5373 6 : break;
5374 4 : case 'f':
5375 4 : op = "foreign keys";
5376 4 : initCreateFKeys(con);
5377 4 : break;
5378 6 : case ' ':
5379 6 : break; /* ignore */
5380 0 : default:
5381 0 : pg_log_error("unrecognized initialization step \"%c\"", *step);
5382 0 : PQfinish(con);
5383 0 : exit(1);
5384 : }
5385 :
5386 38 : if (op != NULL)
5387 : {
5388 32 : double elapsed_sec = PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(pg_time_now() - start);
5389 :
5390 32 : if (!first)
5391 26 : appendPQExpBufferStr(&stats, ", ");
5392 : else
5393 6 : first = false;
5394 :
5395 32 : appendPQExpBuffer(&stats, "%s %.2f s", op, elapsed_sec);
5396 :
5397 32 : run_time += elapsed_sec;
5398 : }
5399 : }
5400 :
5401 6 : fprintf(stderr, "done in %.2f s (%s).\n", run_time, stats.data);
5402 6 : ResetCancelConn();
5403 6 : PQfinish(con);
5404 6 : termPQExpBuffer(&stats);
5405 6 : }
5406 :
5407 : /*
5408 : * Extract pgbench table information into global variables scale,
5409 : * partition_method and partitions.
5410 : */
5411 : static void
5412 14 : GetTableInfo(PGconn *con, bool scale_given)
5413 : {
5414 : PGresult *res;
5415 :
5416 : /*
5417 : * get the scaling factor that should be same as count(*) from
5418 : * pgbench_branches if this is not a custom query
5419 : */
5420 14 : res = PQexec(con, "select count(*) from pgbench_branches");
5421 14 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
5422 : {
5423 2 : char *sqlState = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
5424 :
5425 2 : pg_log_error("could not count number of branches: %s", PQerrorMessage(con));
5426 :
5427 2 : if (sqlState && strcmp(sqlState, ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_TABLE) == 0)
5428 2 : pg_log_error_hint("Perhaps you need to do initialization (\"pgbench -i\") in database \"%s\".",
5429 : PQdb(con));
5430 :
5431 2 : exit(1);
5432 : }
5433 12 : scale = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
5434 12 : if (scale < 0)
5435 0 : pg_fatal("invalid count(*) from pgbench_branches: \"%s\"",
5436 : PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
5437 12 : PQclear(res);
5438 :
5439 : /* warn if we override user-given -s switch */
5440 12 : if (scale_given)
5441 2 : pg_log_warning("scale option ignored, using count from pgbench_branches table (%d)",
5442 : scale);
5443 :
5444 : /*
5445 : * Get the partition information for the first "pgbench_accounts" table
5446 : * found in search_path.
5447 : *
5448 : * The result is empty if no "pgbench_accounts" is found.
5449 : *
5450 : * Otherwise, it always returns one row even if the table is not
5451 : * partitioned (in which case the partition strategy is NULL).
5452 : *
5453 : * The number of partitions can be 0 even for partitioned tables, if no
5454 : * partition is attached.
5455 : *
5456 : * We assume no partitioning on any failure, so as to avoid failing on an
5457 : * old version without "pg_partitioned_table".
5458 : */
5459 12 : res = PQexec(con,
5460 : "select o.n, p.partstrat, pg_catalog.count(i.inhparent) "
5461 : "from pg_catalog.pg_class as c "
5462 : "join pg_catalog.pg_namespace as n on (n.oid = c.relnamespace) "
5463 : "cross join lateral (select pg_catalog.array_position(pg_catalog.current_schemas(true), n.nspname)) as o(n) "
5464 : "left join pg_catalog.pg_partitioned_table as p on (p.partrelid = c.oid) "
5465 : "left join pg_catalog.pg_inherits as i on (c.oid = i.inhparent) "
5466 : "where c.relname = 'pgbench_accounts' and o.n is not null "
5467 : "group by 1, 2 "
5468 : "order by 1 asc "
5469 : "limit 1");
5470 :
5471 12 : if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
5472 : {
5473 : /* probably an older version, coldly assume no partitioning */
5474 0 : partition_method = PART_NONE;
5475 0 : partitions = 0;
5476 : }
5477 12 : else if (PQntuples(res) == 0)
5478 : {
5479 : /*
5480 : * This case is unlikely as pgbench already found "pgbench_branches"
5481 : * above to compute the scale.
5482 : */
5483 0 : pg_log_error("no pgbench_accounts table found in \"search_path\"");
5484 0 : pg_log_error_hint("Perhaps you need to do initialization (\"pgbench -i\") in database \"%s\".", PQdb(con));
5485 0 : exit(1);
5486 : }
5487 : else /* PQntuples(res) == 1 */
5488 : {
5489 : /* normal case, extract partition information */
5490 12 : if (PQgetisnull(res, 0, 1))
5491 0 : partition_method = PART_NONE;
5492 : else
5493 : {
5494 12 : char *ps = PQgetvalue(res, 0, 1);
5495 :
5496 : /* column must be there */
5497 : Assert(ps != NULL);
5498 :
5499 12 : if (strcmp(ps, "r") == 0)
5500 12 : partition_method = PART_RANGE;
5501 0 : else if (strcmp(ps, "h") == 0)
5502 0 : partition_method = PART_HASH;
5503 : else
5504 : {
5505 : /* possibly a newer version with new partition method */
5506 0 : pg_fatal("unexpected partition method: \"%s\"", ps);
5507 : }
5508 : }
5509 :
5510 12 : partitions = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 2));
5511 : }
5512 :
5513 12 : PQclear(res);
5514 12 : }
5515 :
5516 : /*
5517 : * Replace :param with $n throughout the command's SQL text, which
5518 : * is a modifiable string in cmd->lines.
5519 : */
5520 : static bool
5521 188 : parseQuery(Command *cmd)
5522 : {
5523 : char *sql,
5524 : *p;
5525 :
5526 188 : cmd->argc = 1;
5527 :
5528 188 : p = sql = pg_strdup(cmd->lines.data);
5529 780 : while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
5530 : {
5531 : char var[13];
5532 : char *name;
5533 : int eaten;
5534 :
5535 594 : name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
5536 594 : if (name == NULL)
5537 : {
5538 96 : while (*p == ':')
5539 : {
5540 64 : p++;
5541 : }
5542 32 : continue;
5543 : }
5544 :
5545 : /*
5546 : * cmd->argv[0] is the SQL statement itself, so the max number of
5547 : * arguments is one less than MAX_ARGS
5548 : */
5549 562 : if (cmd->argc >= MAX_ARGS)
5550 : {
5551 2 : pg_log_error("statement has too many arguments (maximum is %d): %s",
5552 : MAX_ARGS - 1, cmd->lines.data);
5553 2 : pg_free(name);
5554 2 : return false;
5555 : }
5556 :
5557 560 : sprintf(var, "$%d", cmd->argc);
5558 560 : p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, var);
5559 :
5560 560 : cmd->argv[cmd->argc] = name;
5561 560 : cmd->argc++;
5562 : }
5563 :
5564 : Assert(cmd->argv[0] == NULL);
5565 186 : cmd->argv[0] = sql;
5566 186 : return true;
5567 : }
5568 :
5569 : /*
5570 : * syntax error while parsing a script (in practice, while parsing a
5571 : * backslash command, because we don't detect syntax errors in SQL)
5572 : *
5573 : * source: source of script (filename or builtin-script ID)
5574 : * lineno: line number within script (count from 1)
5575 : * line: whole line of backslash command, if available
5576 : * command: backslash command name, if available
5577 : * msg: the actual error message
5578 : * more: optional extra message
5579 : * column: zero-based column number, or -1 if unknown
5580 : */
5581 : void
5582 66 : syntax_error(const char *source, int lineno,
5583 : const char *line, const char *command,
5584 : const char *msg, const char *more, int column)
5585 : {
5586 : PQExpBufferData buf;
5587 :
5588 66 : initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
5589 :
5590 66 : printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "%s:%d: %s", source, lineno, msg);
5591 66 : if (more != NULL)
5592 30 : appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " (%s)", more);
5593 66 : if (column >= 0 && line == NULL)
5594 0 : appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " at column %d", column + 1);
5595 66 : if (command != NULL)
5596 60 : appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " in command \"%s\"", command);
5597 :
5598 66 : pg_log_error("%s", buf.data);
5599 :
5600 66 : termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
5601 :
5602 66 : if (line != NULL)
5603 : {
5604 56 : fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", line);
5605 56 : if (column >= 0)
5606 42 : fprintf(stderr, "%*c error found here\n", column + 1, '^');
5607 : }
5608 :
5609 66 : exit(1);
5610 : }
5611 :
5612 : /*
5613 : * Return a pointer to the start of the SQL command, after skipping over
5614 : * whitespace and "--" comments.
5615 : * If the end of the string is reached, return NULL.
5616 : */
5617 : static char *
5618 2348 : skip_sql_comments(char *sql_command)
5619 : {
5620 2348 : char *p = sql_command;
5621 :
5622 : /* Skip any leading whitespace, as well as "--" style comments */
5623 : for (;;)
5624 : {
5625 2348 : if (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
5626 0 : p++;
5627 2348 : else if (strncmp(p, "--", 2) == 0)
5628 : {
5629 0 : p = strchr(p, '\n');
5630 0 : if (p == NULL)
5631 0 : return NULL;
5632 0 : p++;
5633 : }
5634 : else
5635 2348 : break;
5636 : }
5637 :
5638 : /* NULL if there's nothing but whitespace and comments */
5639 2348 : if (*p == '\0')
5640 1498 : return NULL;
5641 :
5642 850 : return p;
5643 : }
5644 :
5645 : /*
5646 : * Parse a SQL command; return a Command struct, or NULL if it's a comment
5647 : *
5648 : * On entry, psqlscan.l has collected the command into "buf", so we don't
5649 : * really need to do much here except check for comments and set up a Command
5650 : * struct.
5651 : */
5652 : static Command *
5653 2348 : create_sql_command(PQExpBuffer buf)
5654 : {
5655 : Command *my_command;
5656 2348 : char *p = skip_sql_comments(buf->data);
5657 :
5658 2348 : if (p == NULL)
5659 1498 : return NULL;
5660 :
5661 : /* Allocate and initialize Command structure */
5662 850 : my_command = (Command *) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command));
5663 850 : initPQExpBuffer(&my_command->lines);
5664 850 : appendPQExpBufferStr(&my_command->lines, p);
5665 850 : my_command->first_line = NULL; /* this is set later */
5666 850 : my_command->type = SQL_COMMAND;
5667 850 : my_command->meta = META_NONE;
5668 850 : my_command->argc = 0;
5669 850 : my_command->retries = 0;
5670 850 : my_command->failures = 0;
5671 850 : memset(my_command->argv, 0, sizeof(my_command->argv));
5672 850 : my_command->varprefix = NULL; /* allocated later, if needed */
5673 850 : my_command->expr = NULL;
5674 850 : initSimpleStats(&my_command->stats);
5675 850 : my_command->prepname = NULL; /* set later, if needed */
5676 :
5677 850 : return my_command;
5678 : }
5679 :
5680 : /* Free a Command structure and associated data */
5681 : static void
5682 62 : free_command(Command *command)
5683 : {
5684 62 : termPQExpBuffer(&command->lines);
5685 62 : pg_free(command->first_line);
5686 128 : for (int i = 0; i < command->argc; i++)
5687 66 : pg_free(command->argv[i]);
5688 62 : pg_free(command->varprefix);
5689 :
5690 : /*
5691 : * It should also free expr recursively, but this is currently not needed
5692 : * as only gset commands (which do not have an expression) are freed.
5693 : */
5694 62 : pg_free(command);
5695 62 : }
5696 :
5697 : /*
5698 : * Once an SQL command is fully parsed, possibly by accumulating several
5699 : * parts, complete other fields of the Command structure.
5700 : */
5701 : static void
5702 588 : postprocess_sql_command(Command *my_command)
5703 : {
5704 : char buffer[128];
5705 : static int prepnum = 0;
5706 :
5707 : Assert(my_command->type == SQL_COMMAND);
5708 :
5709 : /* Save the first line for error display. */
5710 588 : strlcpy(buffer, my_command->lines.data, sizeof(buffer));
5711 588 : buffer[strcspn(buffer, "\n\r")] = '\0';
5712 588 : my_command->first_line = pg_strdup(buffer);
5713 :
5714 : /* Parse query and generate prepared statement name, if necessary */
5715 588 : switch (querymode)
5716 : {
5717 400 : case QUERY_SIMPLE:
5718 400 : my_command->argv[0] = my_command->lines.data;
5719 400 : my_command->argc++;
5720 400 : break;
5721 104 : case QUERY_PREPARED:
5722 104 : my_command->prepname = psprintf("P_%d", prepnum++);
5723 : /* fall through */
5724 188 : case QUERY_EXTENDED:
5725 188 : if (!parseQuery(my_command))
5726 2 : exit(1);
5727 186 : break;
5728 0 : default:
5729 0 : exit(1);
5730 : }
5731 586 : }
5732 :
5733 : /*
5734 : * Parse a backslash command; return a Command struct, or NULL if comment
5735 : *
5736 : * At call, we have scanned only the initial backslash.
5737 : */
5738 : static Command *
5739 1064 : process_backslash_command(PsqlScanState sstate, const char *source,
5740 : int lineno, int start_offset)
5741 : {
5742 : Command *my_command;
5743 : PQExpBufferData word_buf;
5744 : int word_offset;
5745 : int offsets[MAX_ARGS]; /* offsets of argument words */
5746 : int j;
5747 :
5748 1064 : initPQExpBuffer(&word_buf);
5749 :
5750 : /* Collect first word of command */
5751 1064 : if (!expr_lex_one_word(sstate, &word_buf, &word_offset))
5752 : {
5753 0 : termPQExpBuffer(&word_buf);
5754 0 : return NULL;
5755 : }
5756 :
5757 : /* Allocate and initialize Command structure */
5758 1064 : my_command = (Command *) pg_malloc0(sizeof(Command));
5759 1064 : my_command->type = META_COMMAND;
5760 1064 : my_command->argc = 0;
5761 1064 : initSimpleStats(&my_command->stats);
5762 :
5763 : /* Save first word (command name) */
5764 1064 : j = 0;
5765 1064 : offsets[j] = word_offset;
5766 1064 : my_command->argv[j++] = pg_strdup(word_buf.data);
5767 1064 : my_command->argc++;
5768 :
5769 : /* ... and convert it to enum form */
5770 1064 : my_command->meta = getMetaCommand(my_command->argv[0]);
5771 :
5772 1064 : if (my_command->meta == META_SET ||
5773 338 : my_command->meta == META_IF ||
5774 290 : my_command->meta == META_ELIF)
5775 : {
5776 : yyscan_t yyscanner;
5777 :
5778 : /* For \set, collect var name */
5779 800 : if (my_command->meta == META_SET)
5780 : {
5781 726 : if (!expr_lex_one_word(sstate, &word_buf, &word_offset))
5782 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5783 : "missing argument", NULL, -1);
5784 :
5785 724 : offsets[j] = word_offset;
5786 724 : my_command->argv[j++] = pg_strdup(word_buf.data);
5787 724 : my_command->argc++;
5788 : }
5789 :
5790 : /* then for all parse the expression */
5791 798 : yyscanner = expr_scanner_init(sstate, source, lineno, start_offset,
5792 798 : my_command->argv[0]);
5793 :
5794 798 : if (expr_yyparse(&my_command->expr, yyscanner) != 0)
5795 : {
5796 : /* dead code: exit done from syntax_error called by yyerror */
5797 0 : exit(1);
5798 : }
5799 :
5800 : /* Save line, trimming any trailing newline */
5801 760 : my_command->first_line =
5802 760 : expr_scanner_get_substring(sstate,
5803 : start_offset,
5804 : true);
5805 :
5806 760 : expr_scanner_finish(yyscanner);
5807 :
5808 760 : termPQExpBuffer(&word_buf);
5809 :
5810 760 : return my_command;
5811 : }
5812 :
5813 : /* For all other commands, collect remaining words. */
5814 846 : while (expr_lex_one_word(sstate, &word_buf, &word_offset))
5815 : {
5816 : /*
5817 : * my_command->argv[0] is the command itself, so the max number of
5818 : * arguments is one less than MAX_ARGS
5819 : */
5820 584 : if (j >= MAX_ARGS)
5821 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5822 : "too many arguments", NULL, -1);
5823 :
5824 582 : offsets[j] = word_offset;
5825 582 : my_command->argv[j++] = pg_strdup(word_buf.data);
5826 582 : my_command->argc++;
5827 : }
5828 :
5829 : /* Save line, trimming any trailing newline */
5830 262 : my_command->first_line =
5831 262 : expr_scanner_get_substring(sstate,
5832 : start_offset,
5833 : true);
5834 :
5835 262 : if (my_command->meta == META_SLEEP)
5836 : {
5837 18 : if (my_command->argc < 2)
5838 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5839 : "missing argument", NULL, -1);
5840 :
5841 16 : if (my_command->argc > 3)
5842 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5843 : "too many arguments", NULL,
5844 2 : offsets[3] - start_offset);
5845 :
5846 : /*
5847 : * Split argument into number and unit to allow "sleep 1ms" etc. We
5848 : * don't have to terminate the number argument with null because it
5849 : * will be parsed with atoi, which ignores trailing non-digit
5850 : * characters.
5851 : */
5852 14 : if (my_command->argv[1][0] != ':')
5853 : {
5854 8 : char *c = my_command->argv[1];
5855 8 : bool have_digit = false;
5856 :
5857 : /* Skip sign */
5858 8 : if (*c == '+' || *c == '-')
5859 0 : c++;
5860 :
5861 : /* Require at least one digit */
5862 8 : if (*c && isdigit((unsigned char) *c))
5863 8 : have_digit = true;
5864 :
5865 : /* Eat all digits */
5866 20 : while (*c && isdigit((unsigned char) *c))
5867 12 : c++;
5868 :
5869 8 : if (*c)
5870 : {
5871 2 : if (my_command->argc == 2 && have_digit)
5872 : {
5873 2 : my_command->argv[2] = c;
5874 2 : offsets[2] = offsets[1] + (c - my_command->argv[1]);
5875 2 : my_command->argc = 3;
5876 : }
5877 : else
5878 : {
5879 : /*
5880 : * Raise an error if argument starts with non-digit
5881 : * character (after sign).
5882 : */
5883 0 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5884 : "invalid sleep time, must be an integer",
5885 0 : my_command->argv[1], offsets[1] - start_offset);
5886 : }
5887 : }
5888 : }
5889 :
5890 14 : if (my_command->argc == 3)
5891 : {
5892 18 : if (pg_strcasecmp(my_command->argv[2], "us") != 0 &&
5893 12 : pg_strcasecmp(my_command->argv[2], "ms") != 0 &&
5894 4 : pg_strcasecmp(my_command->argv[2], "s") != 0)
5895 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5896 : "unrecognized time unit, must be us, ms or s",
5897 2 : my_command->argv[2], offsets[2] - start_offset);
5898 : }
5899 : }
5900 244 : else if (my_command->meta == META_SETSHELL)
5901 : {
5902 8 : if (my_command->argc < 3)
5903 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5904 : "missing argument", NULL, -1);
5905 : }
5906 236 : else if (my_command->meta == META_SHELL)
5907 : {
5908 8 : if (my_command->argc < 2)
5909 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5910 : "missing command", NULL, -1);
5911 : }
5912 228 : else if (my_command->meta == META_ELSE || my_command->meta == META_ENDIF ||
5913 158 : my_command->meta == META_STARTPIPELINE ||
5914 116 : my_command->meta == META_ENDPIPELINE ||
5915 82 : my_command->meta == META_SYNCPIPELINE)
5916 : {
5917 156 : if (my_command->argc != 1)
5918 4 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5919 : "unexpected argument", NULL, -1);
5920 : }
5921 72 : else if (my_command->meta == META_GSET || my_command->meta == META_ASET)
5922 : {
5923 70 : if (my_command->argc > 2)
5924 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5925 : "too many arguments", NULL, -1);
5926 : }
5927 : else
5928 : {
5929 : /* my_command->meta == META_NONE */
5930 2 : syntax_error(source, lineno, my_command->first_line, my_command->argv[0],
5931 : "invalid command", NULL, -1);
5932 : }
5933 :
5934 244 : termPQExpBuffer(&word_buf);
5935 :
5936 244 : return my_command;
5937 : }
5938 :
5939 : static void
5940 12 : ConditionError(const char *desc, int cmdn, const char *msg)
5941 : {
5942 12 : pg_fatal("condition error in script \"%s\" command %d: %s",
5943 : desc, cmdn, msg);
5944 : }
5945 :
5946 : /*
5947 : * Partial evaluation of conditionals before recording and running the script.
5948 : */
5949 : static void
5950 500 : CheckConditional(const ParsedScript *ps)
5951 : {
5952 : /* statically check conditional structure */
5953 500 : ConditionalStack cs = conditional_stack_create();
5954 : int i;
5955 :
5956 2256 : for (i = 0; ps->commands[i] != NULL; i++)
5957 : {
5958 1766 : Command *cmd = ps->commands[i];
5959 :
5960 1766 : if (cmd->type == META_COMMAND)
5961 : {
5962 922 : switch (cmd->meta)
5963 : {
5964 40 : case META_IF:
5965 40 : conditional_stack_push(cs, IFSTATE_FALSE);
5966 40 : break;
5967 24 : case META_ELIF:
5968 24 : if (conditional_stack_empty(cs))
5969 2 : ConditionError(ps->desc, i + 1, "\\elif without matching \\if");
5970 22 : if (conditional_stack_peek(cs) == IFSTATE_ELSE_FALSE)
5971 2 : ConditionError(ps->desc, i + 1, "\\elif after \\else");
5972 20 : break;
5973 26 : case META_ELSE:
5974 26 : if (conditional_stack_empty(cs))
5975 2 : ConditionError(ps->desc, i + 1, "\\else without matching \\if");
5976 24 : if (conditional_stack_peek(cs) == IFSTATE_ELSE_FALSE)
5977 2 : ConditionError(ps->desc, i + 1, "\\else after \\else");
5978 22 : conditional_stack_poke(cs, IFSTATE_ELSE_FALSE);
5979 22 : break;
5980 36 : case META_ENDIF:
5981 36 : if (!conditional_stack_pop(cs))
5982 2 : ConditionError(ps->desc, i + 1, "\\endif without matching \\if");
5983 34 : break;
5984 796 : default:
5985 : /* ignore anything else... */
5986 796 : break;
5987 : }
5988 : }
5989 : }
5990 490 : if (!conditional_stack_empty(cs))
5991 2 : ConditionError(ps->desc, i + 1, "\\if without matching \\endif");
5992 488 : conditional_stack_destroy(cs);
5993 488 : }
5994 :
5995 : /*
5996 : * Parse a script (either the contents of a file, or a built-in script)
5997 : * and add it to the list of scripts.
5998 : */
5999 : static void
6000 570 : ParseScript(const char *script, const char *desc, int weight)
6001 : {
6002 : ParsedScript ps;
6003 : PsqlScanState sstate;
6004 : PQExpBufferData line_buf;
6005 : int alloc_num;
6006 : int index;
6007 :
6008 : #define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
6009 570 : alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
6010 :
6011 : /* Initialize all fields of ps */
6012 570 : ps.desc = desc;
6013 570 : ps.weight = weight;
6014 570 : ps.commands = (Command **) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
6015 570 : initStats(&ps.stats, 0);
6016 :
6017 : /* Prepare to parse script */
6018 570 : sstate = psql_scan_create(&pgbench_callbacks);
6019 :
6020 : /*
6021 : * Ideally, we'd scan scripts using the encoding and stdstrings settings
6022 : * we get from a DB connection. However, without major rearrangement of
6023 : * pgbench's argument parsing, we can't have a DB connection at the time
6024 : * we parse scripts. Using SQL_ASCII (encoding 0) should work well enough
6025 : * with any backend-safe encoding, though conceivably we could be fooled
6026 : * if a script file uses a client-only encoding. We also assume that
6027 : * stdstrings should be true, which is a bit riskier.
6028 : */
6029 570 : psql_scan_setup(sstate, script, strlen(script), 0, true);
6030 :
6031 570 : initPQExpBuffer(&line_buf);
6032 :
6033 570 : index = 0;
6034 :
6035 : for (;;)
6036 1778 : {
6037 : PsqlScanResult sr;
6038 : promptStatus_t prompt;
6039 2348 : Command *command = NULL;
6040 :
6041 2348 : resetPQExpBuffer(&line_buf);
6042 :
6043 2348 : sr = psql_scan(sstate, &line_buf, &prompt);
6044 :
6045 : /* If we collected a new SQL command, process that */
6046 2348 : command = create_sql_command(&line_buf);
6047 :
6048 : /* store new command */
6049 2348 : if (command)
6050 850 : ps.commands[index++] = command;
6051 :
6052 : /* If we reached a backslash, process that */
6053 2348 : if (sr == PSCAN_BACKSLASH)
6054 : {
6055 : int lineno;
6056 : int start_offset;
6057 :
6058 : /* Capture location of the backslash */
6059 1064 : psql_scan_get_location(sstate, &lineno, &start_offset);
6060 1064 : start_offset--;
6061 :
6062 1064 : command = process_backslash_command(sstate, desc,
6063 : lineno, start_offset);
6064 :
6065 1004 : if (command)
6066 : {
6067 : /*
6068 : * If this is gset or aset, merge into the preceding command.
6069 : * (We don't use a command slot in this case).
6070 : */
6071 1004 : if (command->meta == META_GSET || command->meta == META_ASET)
6072 62 : {
6073 : Command *cmd;
6074 :
6075 68 : if (index == 0)
6076 2 : syntax_error(desc, lineno, NULL, NULL,
6077 : "\\gset must follow an SQL command",
6078 : NULL, -1);
6079 :
6080 66 : cmd = ps.commands[index - 1];
6081 :
6082 66 : if (cmd->type != SQL_COMMAND ||
6083 64 : cmd->varprefix != NULL)
6084 4 : syntax_error(desc, lineno, NULL, NULL,
6085 : "\\gset must follow an SQL command",
6086 4 : cmd->first_line, -1);
6087 :
6088 : /* get variable prefix */
6089 62 : if (command->argc <= 1 || command->argv[1][0] == '\0')
6090 58 : cmd->varprefix = pg_strdup("");
6091 : else
6092 4 : cmd->varprefix = pg_strdup(command->argv[1]);
6093 :
6094 : /* update the sql command meta */
6095 62 : cmd->meta = command->meta;
6096 :
6097 : /* cleanup unused command */
6098 62 : free_command(command);
6099 :
6100 62 : continue;
6101 : }
6102 :
6103 : /* Attach any other backslash command as a new command */
6104 936 : ps.commands[index++] = command;
6105 : }
6106 : }
6107 :
6108 : /*
6109 : * Since we used a command slot, allocate more if needed. Note we
6110 : * always allocate one more in order to accommodate the NULL
6111 : * terminator below.
6112 : */
6113 2220 : if (index >= alloc_num)
6114 : {
6115 0 : alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
6116 0 : ps.commands = (Command **)
6117 0 : pg_realloc(ps.commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
6118 : }
6119 :
6120 : /* Done if we reached EOF */
6121 2220 : if (sr == PSCAN_INCOMPLETE || sr == PSCAN_EOL)
6122 : break;
6123 : }
6124 :
6125 504 : ps.commands[index] = NULL;
6126 :
6127 504 : addScript(&ps);
6128 :
6129 488 : termPQExpBuffer(&line_buf);
6130 488 : psql_scan_finish(sstate);
6131 488 : psql_scan_destroy(sstate);
6132 488 : }
6133 :
6134 : /*
6135 : * Read the entire contents of file fd, and return it in a malloc'd buffer.
6136 : *
6137 : * The buffer will typically be larger than necessary, but we don't care
6138 : * in this program, because we'll free it as soon as we've parsed the script.
6139 : */
6140 : static char *
6141 264 : read_file_contents(FILE *fd)
6142 : {
6143 : char *buf;
6144 264 : size_t buflen = BUFSIZ;
6145 264 : size_t used = 0;
6146 :
6147 264 : buf = (char *) pg_malloc(buflen);
6148 :
6149 : for (;;)
6150 0 : {
6151 : size_t nread;
6152 :
6153 264 : nread = fread(buf + used, 1, BUFSIZ, fd);
6154 264 : used += nread;
6155 : /* If fread() read less than requested, must be EOF or error */
6156 264 : if (nread < BUFSIZ)
6157 264 : break;
6158 : /* Enlarge buf so we can read some more */
6159 0 : buflen += BUFSIZ;
6160 0 : buf = (char *) pg_realloc(buf, buflen);
6161 : }
6162 : /* There is surely room for a terminator */
6163 264 : buf[used] = '\0';
6164 :
6165 264 : return buf;
6166 : }
6167 :
6168 : /*
6169 : * Given a file name, read it and add its script to the list.
6170 : * "-" means to read stdin.
6171 : * NB: filename must be storage that won't disappear.
6172 : */
6173 : static void
6174 266 : process_file(const char *filename, int weight)
6175 : {
6176 : FILE *fd;
6177 : char *buf;
6178 :
6179 : /* Slurp the file contents into "buf" */
6180 266 : if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
6181 0 : fd = stdin;
6182 266 : else if ((fd = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
6183 2 : pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\": %m", filename);
6184 :
6185 264 : buf = read_file_contents(fd);
6186 :
6187 264 : if (ferror(fd))
6188 0 : pg_fatal("could not read file \"%s\": %m", filename);
6189 :
6190 264 : if (fd != stdin)
6191 264 : fclose(fd);
6192 :
6193 264 : ParseScript(buf, filename, weight);
6194 :
6195 184 : free(buf);
6196 184 : }
6197 :
6198 : /* Parse the given builtin script and add it to the list. */
6199 : static void
6200 306 : process_builtin(const BuiltinScript *bi, int weight)
6201 : {
6202 306 : ParseScript(bi->script, bi->desc, weight);
6203 304 : }
6204 :
6205 : /* show available builtin scripts */
6206 : static void
6207 6 : listAvailableScripts(void)
6208 : {
6209 : int i;
6210 :
6211 6 : fprintf(stderr, "Available builtin scripts:\n");
6212 24 : for (i = 0; i < lengthof(builtin_script); i++)
6213 18 : fprintf(stderr, " %13s: %s\n", builtin_script[i].name, builtin_script[i].desc);
6214 6 : fprintf(stderr, "\n");
6215 6 : }
6216 :
6217 : /* return builtin script "name" if unambiguous, fails if not found */
6218 : static const BuiltinScript *
6219 312 : findBuiltin(const char *name)
6220 : {
6221 : int i,
6222 312 : found = 0,
6223 312 : len = strlen(name);
6224 312 : const BuiltinScript *result = NULL;
6225 :
6226 1248 : for (i = 0; i < lengthof(builtin_script); i++)
6227 : {
6228 936 : if (strncmp(builtin_script[i].name, name, len) == 0)
6229 : {
6230 312 : result = &builtin_script[i];
6231 312 : found++;
6232 : }
6233 : }
6234 :
6235 : /* ok, unambiguous result */
6236 312 : if (found == 1)
6237 308 : return result;
6238 :
6239 : /* error cases */
6240 4 : if (found == 0)
6241 2 : pg_log_error("no builtin script found for name \"%s\"", name);
6242 : else /* found > 1 */
6243 2 : pg_log_error("ambiguous builtin name: %d builtin scripts found for prefix \"%s\"", found, name);
6244 :
6245 4 : listAvailableScripts();
6246 4 : exit(1);
6247 : }
6248 :
6249 : /*
6250 : * Determine the weight specification from a script option (-b, -f), if any,
6251 : * and return it as an integer (1 is returned if there's no weight). The
6252 : * script name is returned in *script as a malloc'd string.
6253 : */
6254 : static int
6255 288 : parseScriptWeight(const char *option, char **script)
6256 : {
6257 : char *sep;
6258 : int weight;
6259 :
6260 288 : if ((sep = strrchr(option, WSEP)))
6261 : {
6262 18 : int namelen = sep - option;
6263 : long wtmp;
6264 : char *badp;
6265 :
6266 : /* generate the script name */
6267 18 : *script = pg_malloc(namelen + 1);
6268 18 : strncpy(*script, option, namelen);
6269 18 : (*script)[namelen] = '\0';
6270 :
6271 : /* process digits of the weight spec */
6272 18 : errno = 0;
6273 18 : wtmp = strtol(sep + 1, &badp, 10);
6274 18 : if (errno != 0 || badp == sep + 1 || *badp != '\0')
6275 2 : pg_fatal("invalid weight specification: %s", sep);
6276 16 : if (wtmp > INT_MAX || wtmp < 0)
6277 2 : pg_fatal("weight specification out of range (0 .. %d): %lld",
6278 : INT_MAX, (long long) wtmp);
6279 14 : weight = wtmp;
6280 : }
6281 : else
6282 : {
6283 270 : *script = pg_strdup(option);
6284 270 : weight = 1;
6285 : }
6286 :
6287 284 : return weight;
6288 : }
6289 :
6290 : /* append a script to the list of scripts to process */
6291 : static void
6292 504 : addScript(const ParsedScript *script)
6293 : {
6294 504 : if (script->commands == NULL || script->commands[0] == NULL)
6295 2 : pg_fatal("empty command list for script \"%s\"", script->desc);
6296 :
6297 502 : if (num_scripts >= MAX_SCRIPTS)
6298 2 : pg_fatal("at most %d SQL scripts are allowed", MAX_SCRIPTS);
6299 :
6300 500 : CheckConditional(script);
6301 :
6302 488 : sql_script[num_scripts] = *script;
6303 488 : num_scripts++;
6304 488 : }
6305 :
6306 : /*
6307 : * Print progress report.
6308 : *
6309 : * On entry, *last and *last_report contain the statistics and time of last
6310 : * progress report. On exit, they are updated with the new stats.
6311 : */
6312 : static void
6313 0 : printProgressReport(TState *threads, int64 test_start, pg_time_usec_t now,
6314 : StatsData *last, int64 *last_report)
6315 : {
6316 : /* generate and show report */
6317 0 : pg_time_usec_t run = now - *last_report;
6318 : int64 cnt,
6319 : failures,
6320 : retried;
6321 : double tps,
6322 : total_run,
6323 : latency,
6324 : sqlat,
6325 : lag,
6326 : stdev;
6327 : char tbuf[315];
6328 : StatsData cur;
6329 :
6330 : /*
6331 : * Add up the statistics of all threads.
6332 : *
6333 : * XXX: No locking. There is no guarantee that we get an atomic snapshot
6334 : * of the transaction count and latencies, so these figures can well be
6335 : * off by a small amount. The progress report's purpose is to give a
6336 : * quick overview of how the test is going, so that shouldn't matter too
6337 : * much. (If a read from a 64-bit integer is not atomic, you might get a
6338 : * "torn" read and completely bogus latencies though!)
6339 : */
6340 0 : initStats(&cur, 0);
6341 0 : for (int i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
6342 : {
6343 0 : mergeSimpleStats(&cur.latency, &threads[i].stats.latency);
6344 0 : mergeSimpleStats(&cur.lag, &threads[i].stats.lag);
6345 0 : cur.cnt += threads[i].stats.cnt;
6346 0 : cur.skipped += threads[i].stats.skipped;
6347 0 : cur.retries += threads[i].stats.retries;
6348 0 : cur.retried += threads[i].stats.retried;
6349 0 : cur.serialization_failures +=
6350 0 : threads[i].stats.serialization_failures;
6351 0 : cur.deadlock_failures += threads[i].stats.deadlock_failures;
6352 0 : cur.other_sql_failures += threads[i].stats.other_sql_failures;
6353 : }
6354 :
6355 : /* we count only actually executed transactions */
6356 0 : cnt = cur.cnt - last->cnt;
6357 0 : total_run = (now - test_start) / 1000000.0;
6358 0 : tps = 1000000.0 * cnt / run;
6359 0 : if (cnt > 0)
6360 : {
6361 0 : latency = 0.001 * (cur.latency.sum - last->latency.sum) / cnt;
6362 0 : sqlat = 1.0 * (cur.latency.sum2 - last->latency.sum2) / cnt;
6363 0 : stdev = 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency);
6364 0 : lag = 0.001 * (cur.lag.sum - last->lag.sum) / cnt;
6365 : }
6366 : else
6367 : {
6368 0 : latency = sqlat = stdev = lag = 0;
6369 : }
6370 0 : failures = getFailures(&cur) - getFailures(last);
6371 0 : retried = cur.retried - last->retried;
6372 :
6373 0 : if (progress_timestamp)
6374 : {
6375 0 : snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%.3f s",
6376 0 : PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(now + epoch_shift));
6377 : }
6378 : else
6379 : {
6380 : /* round seconds are expected, but the thread may be late */
6381 0 : snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%.1f s", total_run);
6382 : }
6383 :
6384 0 : fprintf(stderr,
6385 : "progress: %s, %.1f tps, lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f, " INT64_FORMAT " failed",
6386 : tbuf, tps, latency, stdev, failures);
6387 :
6388 0 : if (throttle_delay)
6389 : {
6390 0 : fprintf(stderr, ", lag %.3f ms", lag);
6391 0 : if (latency_limit)
6392 0 : fprintf(stderr, ", " INT64_FORMAT " skipped",
6393 0 : cur.skipped - last->skipped);
6394 : }
6395 :
6396 : /* it can be non-zero only if max_tries is not equal to one */
6397 0 : if (max_tries != 1)
6398 0 : fprintf(stderr,
6399 : ", " INT64_FORMAT " retried, " INT64_FORMAT " retries",
6400 0 : retried, cur.retries - last->retries);
6401 0 : fprintf(stderr, "\n");
6402 :
6403 0 : *last = cur;
6404 0 : *last_report = now;
6405 0 : }
6406 :
6407 : static void
6408 30 : printSimpleStats(const char *prefix, SimpleStats *ss)
6409 : {
6410 30 : if (ss->count > 0)
6411 : {
6412 30 : double latency = ss->sum / ss->count;
6413 30 : double stddev = sqrt(ss->sum2 / ss->count - latency * latency);
6414 :
6415 30 : printf("%s average = %.3f ms\n", prefix, 0.001 * latency);
6416 30 : printf("%s stddev = %.3f ms\n", prefix, 0.001 * stddev);
6417 : }
6418 30 : }
6419 :
6420 : /* print version banner */
6421 : static void
6422 178 : printVersion(PGconn *con)
6423 : {
6424 178 : int server_ver = PQserverVersion(con);
6425 178 : int client_ver = PG_VERSION_NUM;
6426 :
6427 178 : if (server_ver != client_ver)
6428 : {
6429 : const char *server_version;
6430 : char sverbuf[32];
6431 :
6432 : /* Try to get full text form, might include "devel" etc */
6433 0 : server_version = PQparameterStatus(con, "server_version");
6434 : /* Otherwise fall back on server_ver */
6435 0 : if (!server_version)
6436 : {
6437 0 : formatPGVersionNumber(server_ver, true,
6438 : sverbuf, sizeof(sverbuf));
6439 0 : server_version = sverbuf;
6440 : }
6441 :
6442 0 : printf(_("%s (%s, server %s)\n"),
6443 : "pgbench", PG_VERSION, server_version);
6444 : }
6445 : /* For version match, only print pgbench version */
6446 : else
6447 178 : printf("%s (%s)\n", "pgbench", PG_VERSION);
6448 178 : fflush(stdout);
6449 178 : }
6450 :
6451 : /* print out results */
6452 : static void
6453 174 : printResults(StatsData *total,
6454 : pg_time_usec_t total_duration, /* benchmarking time */
6455 : pg_time_usec_t conn_total_duration, /* is_connect */
6456 : pg_time_usec_t conn_elapsed_duration, /* !is_connect */
6457 : int64 latency_late)
6458 : {
6459 : /* tps is about actually executed transactions during benchmarking */
6460 174 : int64 failures = getFailures(total);
6461 174 : int64 total_cnt = total->cnt + total->skipped + failures;
6462 174 : double bench_duration = PG_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(total_duration);
6463 174 : double tps = total->cnt / bench_duration;
6464 :
6465 : /* Report test parameters. */
6466 174 : printf("transaction type: %s\n",
6467 : num_scripts == 1 ? sql_script[0].desc : "multiple scripts");
6468 174 : printf("scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
6469 : /* only print partitioning information if some partitioning was detected */
6470 174 : if (partition_method != PART_NONE)
6471 12 : printf("partition method: %s\npartitions: %d\n",
6472 : PARTITION_METHOD[partition_method], partitions);
6473 174 : printf("query mode: %s\n", QUERYMODE[querymode]);
6474 174 : printf("number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
6475 174 : printf("number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
6476 :
6477 174 : if (max_tries)
6478 174 : printf("maximum number of tries: %u\n", max_tries);
6479 :
6480 174 : if (duration <= 0)
6481 : {
6482 174 : printf("number of transactions per client: %d\n", nxacts);
6483 174 : printf("number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT "/%d\n",
6484 : total->cnt, nxacts * nclients);
6485 : }
6486 : else
6487 : {
6488 0 : printf("duration: %d s\n", duration);
6489 0 : printf("number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT "\n",
6490 : total->cnt);
6491 : }
6492 :
6493 : /*
6494 : * Remaining stats are nonsensical if we failed to execute any xacts due
6495 : * to other than serialization or deadlock errors and --continue-on-error
6496 : * is not set.
6497 : */
6498 174 : if (total_cnt <= 0)
6499 102 : return;
6500 :
6501 72 : printf("number of failed transactions: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6502 : failures, 100.0 * failures / total_cnt);
6503 :
6504 72 : if (failures_detailed)
6505 : {
6506 2 : printf("number of serialization failures: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6507 : total->serialization_failures,
6508 : 100.0 * total->serialization_failures / total_cnt);
6509 2 : printf("number of deadlock failures: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6510 : total->deadlock_failures,
6511 : 100.0 * total->deadlock_failures / total_cnt);
6512 2 : printf("number of other failures: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6513 : total->other_sql_failures,
6514 : 100.0 * total->other_sql_failures / total_cnt);
6515 : }
6516 :
6517 : /* it can be non-zero only if max_tries is not equal to one */
6518 72 : if (max_tries != 1)
6519 : {
6520 4 : printf("number of transactions retried: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6521 : total->retried, 100.0 * total->retried / total_cnt);
6522 4 : printf("total number of retries: " INT64_FORMAT "\n", total->retries);
6523 : }
6524 :
6525 72 : if (throttle_delay && latency_limit)
6526 4 : printf("number of transactions skipped: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6527 : total->skipped, 100.0 * total->skipped / total_cnt);
6528 :
6529 72 : if (latency_limit)
6530 4 : printf("number of transactions above the %.1f ms latency limit: " INT64_FORMAT "/" INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6531 : latency_limit / 1000.0, latency_late, total->cnt,
6532 : (total->cnt > 0) ? 100.0 * latency_late / total->cnt : 0.0);
6533 :
6534 72 : if (throttle_delay || progress || latency_limit)
6535 4 : printSimpleStats("latency", &total->latency);
6536 : else
6537 : {
6538 : /* no measurement, show average latency computed from run time */
6539 68 : printf("latency average = %.3f ms%s\n",
6540 : 0.001 * total_duration * nclients / total_cnt,
6541 : failures > 0 ? " (including failures)" : "");
6542 : }
6543 :
6544 72 : if (throttle_delay)
6545 : {
6546 : /*
6547 : * Report average transaction lag under rate limit throttling. This
6548 : * is the delay between scheduled and actual start times for the
6549 : * transaction. The measured lag may be caused by thread/client load,
6550 : * the database load, or the Poisson throttling process.
6551 : */
6552 4 : printf("rate limit schedule lag: avg %.3f (max %.3f) ms\n",
6553 : 0.001 * total->lag.sum / total->cnt, 0.001 * total->lag.max);
6554 : }
6555 :
6556 : /*
6557 : * Under -C/--connect, each transaction incurs a significant connection
6558 : * cost, it would not make much sense to ignore it in tps, and it would
6559 : * not be tps anyway.
6560 : *
6561 : * Otherwise connections are made just once at the beginning of the run
6562 : * and should not impact performance but for very short run, so they are
6563 : * (right)fully ignored in tps.
6564 : */
6565 72 : if (is_connect)
6566 : {
6567 4 : printf("average connection time = %.3f ms\n", 0.001 * conn_total_duration / (total->cnt + failures));
6568 4 : printf("tps = %f (including reconnection times)\n", tps);
6569 : }
6570 : else
6571 : {
6572 68 : printf("initial connection time = %.3f ms\n", 0.001 * conn_elapsed_duration);
6573 68 : printf("tps = %f (without initial connection time)\n", tps);
6574 : }
6575 :
6576 : /* Report per-script/command statistics */
6577 72 : if (per_script_stats || report_per_command)
6578 : {
6579 : int i;
6580 :
6581 42 : for (i = 0; i < num_scripts; i++)
6582 : {
6583 30 : if (per_script_stats)
6584 : {
6585 26 : StatsData *sstats = &sql_script[i].stats;
6586 26 : int64 script_failures = getFailures(sstats);
6587 26 : int64 script_total_cnt =
6588 26 : sstats->cnt + sstats->skipped + script_failures;
6589 :
6590 26 : printf("SQL script %d: %s\n"
6591 : " - weight: %d (targets %.1f%% of total)\n"
6592 : " - " INT64_FORMAT " transactions (%.1f%% of total)\n",
6593 : i + 1, sql_script[i].desc,
6594 : sql_script[i].weight,
6595 : 100.0 * sql_script[i].weight / total_weight,
6596 : script_total_cnt,
6597 : 100.0 * script_total_cnt / total_cnt);
6598 :
6599 26 : if (script_total_cnt > 0)
6600 : {
6601 26 : printf(" - number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT " (tps = %f)\n",
6602 : sstats->cnt, sstats->cnt / bench_duration);
6603 :
6604 26 : printf(" - number of failed transactions: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6605 : script_failures,
6606 : 100.0 * script_failures / script_total_cnt);
6607 :
6608 26 : if (failures_detailed)
6609 : {
6610 0 : printf(" - number of serialization failures: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6611 : sstats->serialization_failures,
6612 : (100.0 * sstats->serialization_failures /
6613 : script_total_cnt));
6614 0 : printf(" - number of deadlock failures: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6615 : sstats->deadlock_failures,
6616 : (100.0 * sstats->deadlock_failures /
6617 : script_total_cnt));
6618 0 : printf(" - number of other failures: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6619 : sstats->other_sql_failures,
6620 : (100.0 * sstats->other_sql_failures /
6621 : script_total_cnt));
6622 : }
6623 :
6624 : /*
6625 : * it can be non-zero only if max_tries is not equal to
6626 : * one
6627 : */
6628 26 : if (max_tries != 1)
6629 : {
6630 0 : printf(" - number of transactions retried: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6631 : sstats->retried,
6632 : 100.0 * sstats->retried / script_total_cnt);
6633 0 : printf(" - total number of retries: " INT64_FORMAT "\n",
6634 : sstats->retries);
6635 : }
6636 :
6637 26 : if (throttle_delay && latency_limit)
6638 0 : printf(" - number of transactions skipped: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f%%)\n",
6639 : sstats->skipped,
6640 : 100.0 * sstats->skipped / script_total_cnt);
6641 :
6642 : }
6643 26 : printSimpleStats(" - latency", &sstats->latency);
6644 : }
6645 :
6646 : /*
6647 : * Report per-command statistics: latencies, retries after errors,
6648 : * failures (errors without retrying).
6649 : */
6650 30 : if (report_per_command)
6651 : {
6652 : Command **commands;
6653 :
6654 4 : printf("%sstatement latencies in milliseconds%s:\n",
6655 : per_script_stats ? " - " : "",
6656 : (max_tries == 1 ?
6657 : " and failures" :
6658 : ", failures and retries"));
6659 :
6660 4 : for (commands = sql_script[i].commands;
6661 10 : *commands != NULL;
6662 6 : commands++)
6663 : {
6664 6 : SimpleStats *cstats = &(*commands)->stats;
6665 :
6666 6 : if (max_tries == 1)
6667 6 : printf(" %11.3f %10" PRId64 " %s\n",
6668 : (cstats->count > 0) ?
6669 : 1000.0 * cstats->sum / cstats->count : 0.0,
6670 : (*commands)->failures,
6671 : (*commands)->first_line);
6672 : else
6673 0 : printf(" %11.3f %10" PRId64 " %10" PRId64 " %s\n",
6674 : (cstats->count > 0) ?
6675 : 1000.0 * cstats->sum / cstats->count : 0.0,
6676 : (*commands)->failures,
6677 : (*commands)->retries,
6678 : (*commands)->first_line);
6679 : }
6680 : }
6681 : }
6682 : }
6683 : }
6684 :
6685 : /*
6686 : * Set up a random seed according to seed parameter (NULL means default),
6687 : * and initialize base_random_sequence for use in initializing other sequences.
6688 : */
6689 : static bool
6690 364 : set_random_seed(const char *seed)
6691 : {
6692 : uint64 iseed;
6693 :
6694 364 : if (seed == NULL || strcmp(seed, "time") == 0)
6695 : {
6696 : /* rely on current time */
6697 356 : iseed = pg_time_now();
6698 : }
6699 8 : else if (strcmp(seed, "rand") == 0)
6700 : {
6701 : /* use some "strong" random source */
6702 0 : if (!pg_strong_random(&iseed, sizeof(iseed)))
6703 : {
6704 0 : pg_log_error("could not generate random seed");
6705 0 : return false;
6706 : }
6707 : }
6708 : else
6709 : {
6710 : char garbage;
6711 :
6712 8 : if (sscanf(seed, "%" SCNu64 "%c", &iseed, &garbage) != 1)
6713 : {
6714 2 : pg_log_error("unrecognized random seed option \"%s\"", seed);
6715 2 : pg_log_error_detail("Expecting an unsigned integer, \"time\" or \"rand\".");
6716 2 : return false;
6717 : }
6718 : }
6719 :
6720 362 : if (seed != NULL)
6721 6 : pg_log_info("setting random seed to %" PRIu64, iseed);
6722 :
6723 362 : random_seed = iseed;
6724 :
6725 : /* Initialize base_random_sequence using seed */
6726 362 : pg_prng_seed(&base_random_sequence, iseed);
6727 :
6728 362 : return true;
6729 : }
6730 :
6731 : int
6732 360 : main(int argc, char **argv)
6733 : {
6734 : static struct option long_options[] = {
6735 : /* systematic long/short named options */
6736 : {"builtin", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
6737 : {"client", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
6738 : {"connect", no_argument, NULL, 'C'},
6739 : {"dbname", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
6740 : {"define", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
6741 : {"file", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
6742 : {"fillfactor", required_argument, NULL, 'F'},
6743 : {"host", required_argument, NULL, 'h'},
6744 : {"initialize", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
6745 : {"init-steps", required_argument, NULL, 'I'},
6746 : {"jobs", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
6747 : {"log", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
6748 : {"latency-limit", required_argument, NULL, 'L'},
6749 : {"no-vacuum", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
6750 : {"port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
6751 : {"progress", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},
6752 : {"protocol", required_argument, NULL, 'M'},
6753 : {"quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
6754 : {"report-per-command", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
6755 : {"rate", required_argument, NULL, 'R'},
6756 : {"scale", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
6757 : {"select-only", no_argument, NULL, 'S'},
6758 : {"skip-some-updates", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
6759 : {"time", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
6760 : {"transactions", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
6761 : {"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
6762 : {"vacuum-all", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
6763 : /* long-named only options */
6764 : {"unlogged-tables", no_argument, NULL, 1},
6765 : {"tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 2},
6766 : {"index-tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 3},
6767 : {"sampling-rate", required_argument, NULL, 4},
6768 : {"aggregate-interval", required_argument, NULL, 5},
6769 : {"progress-timestamp", no_argument, NULL, 6},
6770 : {"log-prefix", required_argument, NULL, 7},
6771 : {"foreign-keys", no_argument, NULL, 8},
6772 : {"random-seed", required_argument, NULL, 9},
6773 : {"show-script", required_argument, NULL, 10},
6774 : {"partitions", required_argument, NULL, 11},
6775 : {"partition-method", required_argument, NULL, 12},
6776 : {"failures-detailed", no_argument, NULL, 13},
6777 : {"max-tries", required_argument, NULL, 14},
6778 : {"verbose-errors", no_argument, NULL, 15},
6779 : {"exit-on-abort", no_argument, NULL, 16},
6780 : {"debug", no_argument, NULL, 17},
6781 : {"continue-on-error", no_argument, NULL, 18},
6782 : {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
6783 : };
6784 :
6785 : int c;
6786 360 : bool is_init_mode = false; /* initialize mode? */
6787 360 : char *initialize_steps = NULL;
6788 360 : bool foreign_keys = false;
6789 360 : bool is_no_vacuum = false;
6790 360 : bool do_vacuum_accounts = false; /* vacuum accounts table? */
6791 : int optindex;
6792 360 : bool scale_given = false;
6793 :
6794 360 : bool benchmarking_option_set = false;
6795 360 : bool initialization_option_set = false;
6796 360 : bool internal_script_used = false;
6797 :
6798 : CState *state; /* status of clients */
6799 : TState *threads; /* array of thread */
6800 :
6801 : pg_time_usec_t
6802 : start_time, /* start up time */
6803 360 : bench_start = 0, /* first recorded benchmarking time */
6804 : conn_total_duration; /* cumulated connection time in
6805 : * threads */
6806 360 : int64 latency_late = 0;
6807 : StatsData stats;
6808 : int weight;
6809 :
6810 : int i;
6811 : int nclients_dealt;
6812 :
6813 : #ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
6814 : struct rlimit rlim;
6815 : #endif
6816 :
6817 : PGconn *con;
6818 : char *env;
6819 :
6820 360 : int exit_code = 0;
6821 : struct timeval tv;
6822 :
6823 : /*
6824 : * Record difference between Unix time and instr_time time. We'll use
6825 : * this for logging and aggregation.
6826 : */
6827 360 : gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
6828 360 : epoch_shift = tv.tv_sec * INT64CONST(1000000) + tv.tv_usec - pg_time_now();
6829 :
6830 360 : pg_logging_init(argv[0]);
6831 360 : progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
6832 :
6833 360 : if (argc > 1)
6834 : {
6835 360 : if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
6836 : {
6837 2 : usage();
6838 2 : exit(0);
6839 : }
6840 358 : if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
6841 : {
6842 2 : puts("pgbench (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
6843 2 : exit(0);
6844 : }
6845 : }
6846 :
6847 356 : state = (CState *) pg_malloc0(sizeof(CState));
6848 :
6849 : /* set random seed early, because it may be used while parsing scripts. */
6850 356 : if (!set_random_seed(getenv("PGBENCH_RANDOM_SEED")))
6851 0 : pg_fatal("error while setting random seed from PGBENCH_RANDOM_SEED environment variable");
6852 :
6853 2496 : while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "b:c:Cd:D:f:F:h:iI:j:lL:M:nNp:P:qrR:s:St:T:U:v", long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
6854 : {
6855 : char *script;
6856 :
6857 2278 : switch (c)
6858 : {
6859 24 : case 'b':
6860 24 : if (strcmp(optarg, "list") == 0)
6861 : {
6862 2 : listAvailableScripts();
6863 2 : exit(0);
6864 : }
6865 22 : weight = parseScriptWeight(optarg, &script);
6866 18 : process_builtin(findBuiltin(script), weight);
6867 14 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6868 14 : internal_script_used = true;
6869 14 : break;
6870 50 : case 'c':
6871 50 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6872 50 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-c/--clients", 1, INT_MAX,
6873 : &nclients))
6874 : {
6875 2 : exit(1);
6876 : }
6877 : #ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
6878 48 : if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) == -1)
6879 0 : pg_fatal("getrlimit failed: %m");
6880 :
6881 48 : if (rlim.rlim_max < nclients + 3)
6882 : {
6883 0 : pg_log_error("need at least %d open files, but system limit is %ld",
6884 : nclients + 3, (long) rlim.rlim_max);
6885 0 : pg_log_error_hint("Reduce number of clients, or use limit/ulimit to increase the system limit.");
6886 0 : exit(1);
6887 : }
6888 :
6889 48 : if (rlim.rlim_cur < nclients + 3)
6890 : {
6891 0 : rlim.rlim_cur = nclients + 3;
6892 0 : if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) == -1)
6893 : {
6894 0 : pg_log_error("need at least %d open files, but couldn't raise the limit: %m",
6895 : nclients + 3);
6896 0 : pg_log_error_hint("Reduce number of clients, or use limit/ulimit to increase the system limit.");
6897 0 : exit(1);
6898 : }
6899 : }
6900 : #endif /* HAVE_GETRLIMIT */
6901 48 : break;
6902 4 : case 'C':
6903 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6904 4 : is_connect = true;
6905 4 : break;
6906 0 : case 'd':
6907 0 : dbName = pg_strdup(optarg);
6908 0 : break;
6909 866 : case 'D':
6910 : {
6911 : char *p;
6912 :
6913 866 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6914 :
6915 866 : if ((p = strchr(optarg, '=')) == NULL || p == optarg || *(p + 1) == '\0')
6916 2 : pg_fatal("invalid variable definition: \"%s\"", optarg);
6917 :
6918 864 : *p++ = '\0';
6919 864 : if (!putVariable(&state[0].variables, "option", optarg, p))
6920 0 : exit(1);
6921 : }
6922 864 : break;
6923 266 : case 'f':
6924 266 : weight = parseScriptWeight(optarg, &script);
6925 266 : process_file(script, weight);
6926 184 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6927 184 : break;
6928 6 : case 'F':
6929 6 : initialization_option_set = true;
6930 6 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-F/--fillfactor", 10, 100,
6931 : &fillfactor))
6932 2 : exit(1);
6933 4 : break;
6934 2 : case 'h':
6935 2 : pghost = pg_strdup(optarg);
6936 2 : break;
6937 18 : case 'i':
6938 18 : is_init_mode = true;
6939 18 : break;
6940 8 : case 'I':
6941 8 : pg_free(initialize_steps);
6942 8 : initialize_steps = pg_strdup(optarg);
6943 8 : checkInitSteps(initialize_steps);
6944 6 : initialization_option_set = true;
6945 6 : break;
6946 8 : case 'j': /* jobs */
6947 8 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6948 8 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-j/--jobs", 1, INT_MAX,
6949 : &nthreads))
6950 : {
6951 2 : exit(1);
6952 : }
6953 6 : break;
6954 14 : case 'l':
6955 14 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6956 14 : use_log = true;
6957 14 : break;
6958 6 : case 'L':
6959 : {
6960 6 : double limit_ms = atof(optarg);
6961 :
6962 6 : if (limit_ms <= 0.0)
6963 2 : pg_fatal("invalid latency limit: \"%s\"", optarg);
6964 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6965 4 : latency_limit = (int64) (limit_ms * 1000);
6966 : }
6967 4 : break;
6968 176 : case 'M':
6969 176 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6970 482 : for (querymode = 0; querymode < NUM_QUERYMODE; querymode++)
6971 480 : if (strcmp(optarg, QUERYMODE[querymode]) == 0)
6972 174 : break;
6973 176 : if (querymode >= NUM_QUERYMODE)
6974 2 : pg_fatal("invalid query mode (-M): \"%s\"", optarg);
6975 174 : break;
6976 200 : case 'n':
6977 200 : is_no_vacuum = true;
6978 200 : break;
6979 2 : case 'N':
6980 2 : process_builtin(findBuiltin("simple-update"), 1);
6981 2 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6982 2 : internal_script_used = true;
6983 2 : break;
6984 2 : case 'p':
6985 2 : pgport = pg_strdup(optarg);
6986 2 : break;
6987 4 : case 'P':
6988 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6989 4 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-P/--progress", 1, INT_MAX,
6990 : &progress))
6991 2 : exit(1);
6992 2 : break;
6993 2 : case 'q':
6994 2 : initialization_option_set = true;
6995 2 : use_quiet = true;
6996 2 : break;
6997 4 : case 'r':
6998 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
6999 4 : report_per_command = true;
7000 4 : break;
7001 6 : case 'R':
7002 : {
7003 : /* get a double from the beginning of option value */
7004 6 : double throttle_value = atof(optarg);
7005 :
7006 6 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7007 :
7008 6 : if (throttle_value <= 0.0)
7009 2 : pg_fatal("invalid rate limit: \"%s\"", optarg);
7010 : /* Invert rate limit into per-transaction delay in usec */
7011 4 : throttle_delay = 1000000.0 / throttle_value;
7012 : }
7013 4 : break;
7014 6 : case 's':
7015 6 : scale_given = true;
7016 6 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-s/--scale", 1, INT_MAX,
7017 : &scale))
7018 2 : exit(1);
7019 4 : break;
7020 268 : case 'S':
7021 268 : process_builtin(findBuiltin("select-only"), 1);
7022 266 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7023 266 : internal_script_used = true;
7024 266 : break;
7025 224 : case 't':
7026 224 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7027 224 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-t/--transactions", 1, INT_MAX,
7028 : &nxacts))
7029 2 : exit(1);
7030 222 : break;
7031 10 : case 'T':
7032 10 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7033 10 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "-T/--time", 1, INT_MAX,
7034 : &duration))
7035 2 : exit(1);
7036 8 : break;
7037 2 : case 'U':
7038 2 : username = pg_strdup(optarg);
7039 2 : break;
7040 2 : case 'v':
7041 2 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7042 2 : do_vacuum_accounts = true;
7043 2 : break;
7044 4 : case 1: /* unlogged-tables */
7045 4 : initialization_option_set = true;
7046 4 : unlogged_tables = true;
7047 4 : break;
7048 2 : case 2: /* tablespace */
7049 2 : initialization_option_set = true;
7050 2 : tablespace = pg_strdup(optarg);
7051 2 : break;
7052 2 : case 3: /* index-tablespace */
7053 2 : initialization_option_set = true;
7054 2 : index_tablespace = pg_strdup(optarg);
7055 2 : break;
7056 10 : case 4: /* sampling-rate */
7057 10 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7058 10 : sample_rate = atof(optarg);
7059 10 : if (sample_rate <= 0.0 || sample_rate > 1.0)
7060 2 : pg_fatal("invalid sampling rate: \"%s\"", optarg);
7061 8 : break;
7062 12 : case 5: /* aggregate-interval */
7063 12 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7064 12 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "--aggregate-interval", 1, INT_MAX,
7065 : &agg_interval))
7066 2 : exit(1);
7067 10 : break;
7068 4 : case 6: /* progress-timestamp */
7069 4 : progress_timestamp = true;
7070 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7071 4 : break;
7072 8 : case 7: /* log-prefix */
7073 8 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7074 8 : logfile_prefix = pg_strdup(optarg);
7075 8 : break;
7076 4 : case 8: /* foreign-keys */
7077 4 : initialization_option_set = true;
7078 4 : foreign_keys = true;
7079 4 : break;
7080 8 : case 9: /* random-seed */
7081 8 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7082 8 : if (!set_random_seed(optarg))
7083 2 : pg_fatal("error while setting random seed from --random-seed option");
7084 6 : break;
7085 2 : case 10: /* list */
7086 : {
7087 2 : const BuiltinScript *s = findBuiltin(optarg);
7088 :
7089 2 : fprintf(stderr, "-- %s: %s\n%s\n", s->name, s->desc, s->script);
7090 2 : exit(0);
7091 : }
7092 : break;
7093 6 : case 11: /* partitions */
7094 6 : initialization_option_set = true;
7095 6 : if (!option_parse_int(optarg, "--partitions", 0, INT_MAX,
7096 : &partitions))
7097 2 : exit(1);
7098 4 : break;
7099 6 : case 12: /* partition-method */
7100 6 : initialization_option_set = true;
7101 6 : if (pg_strcasecmp(optarg, "range") == 0)
7102 0 : partition_method = PART_RANGE;
7103 6 : else if (pg_strcasecmp(optarg, "hash") == 0)
7104 4 : partition_method = PART_HASH;
7105 : else
7106 2 : pg_fatal("invalid partition method, expecting \"range\" or \"hash\", got: \"%s\"",
7107 : optarg);
7108 4 : break;
7109 2 : case 13: /* failures-detailed */
7110 2 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7111 2 : failures_detailed = true;
7112 2 : break;
7113 8 : case 14: /* max-tries */
7114 : {
7115 8 : int32 max_tries_arg = atoi(optarg);
7116 :
7117 8 : if (max_tries_arg < 0)
7118 2 : pg_fatal("invalid number of maximum tries: \"%s\"", optarg);
7119 :
7120 6 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7121 6 : max_tries = (uint32) max_tries_arg;
7122 : }
7123 6 : break;
7124 4 : case 15: /* verbose-errors */
7125 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7126 4 : verbose_errors = true;
7127 4 : break;
7128 4 : case 16: /* exit-on-abort */
7129 4 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7130 4 : exit_on_abort = true;
7131 4 : break;
7132 4 : case 17: /* debug */
7133 4 : pg_logging_increase_verbosity();
7134 4 : break;
7135 2 : case 18: /* continue-on-error */
7136 2 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7137 2 : continue_on_error = true;
7138 2 : break;
7139 6 : default:
7140 : /* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
7141 6 : pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
7142 6 : exit(1);
7143 : }
7144 : }
7145 :
7146 : /* set default script if none */
7147 218 : if (num_scripts == 0 && !is_init_mode)
7148 : {
7149 22 : process_builtin(findBuiltin("tpcb-like"), 1);
7150 22 : benchmarking_option_set = true;
7151 22 : internal_script_used = true;
7152 : }
7153 :
7154 : /* complete SQL command initialization and compute total weight */
7155 448 : for (i = 0; i < num_scripts; i++)
7156 : {
7157 232 : Command **commands = sql_script[i].commands;
7158 :
7159 1464 : for (int j = 0; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
7160 1234 : if (commands[j]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
7161 588 : postprocess_sql_command(commands[j]);
7162 :
7163 : /* cannot overflow: weight is 32b, total_weight 64b */
7164 230 : total_weight += sql_script[i].weight;
7165 : }
7166 :
7167 216 : if (total_weight == 0 && !is_init_mode)
7168 2 : pg_fatal("total script weight must not be zero");
7169 :
7170 : /* show per script stats if several scripts are used */
7171 214 : if (num_scripts > 1)
7172 8 : per_script_stats = true;
7173 :
7174 : /*
7175 : * Don't need more threads than there are clients. (This is not merely an
7176 : * optimization; throttle_delay is calculated incorrectly below if some
7177 : * threads have no clients assigned to them.)
7178 : */
7179 214 : if (nthreads > nclients)
7180 2 : nthreads = nclients;
7181 :
7182 : /*
7183 : * Convert throttle_delay to a per-thread delay time. Note that this
7184 : * might be a fractional number of usec, but that's OK, since it's just
7185 : * the center of a Poisson distribution of delays.
7186 : */
7187 214 : throttle_delay *= nthreads;
7188 :
7189 214 : if (dbName == NULL)
7190 : {
7191 214 : if (argc > optind)
7192 2 : dbName = argv[optind++];
7193 : else
7194 : {
7195 212 : if ((env = getenv("PGDATABASE")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
7196 184 : dbName = env;
7197 28 : else if ((env = getenv("PGUSER")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
7198 0 : dbName = env;
7199 : else
7200 28 : dbName = get_user_name_or_exit(progname);
7201 : }
7202 : }
7203 :
7204 214 : if (optind < argc)
7205 : {
7206 0 : pg_log_error("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")",
7207 : argv[optind]);
7208 0 : pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
7209 0 : exit(1);
7210 : }
7211 :
7212 214 : if (is_init_mode)
7213 : {
7214 10 : if (benchmarking_option_set)
7215 2 : pg_fatal("some of the specified options cannot be used in initialization (-i) mode");
7216 :
7217 8 : if (partitions == 0 && partition_method != PART_NONE)
7218 2 : pg_fatal("--partition-method requires greater than zero --partitions");
7219 :
7220 : /* set default method */
7221 6 : if (partitions > 0 && partition_method == PART_NONE)
7222 2 : partition_method = PART_RANGE;
7223 :
7224 6 : if (initialize_steps == NULL)
7225 2 : initialize_steps = pg_strdup(DEFAULT_INIT_STEPS);
7226 :
7227 6 : if (is_no_vacuum)
7228 : {
7229 : /* Remove any vacuum step in initialize_steps */
7230 : char *p;
7231 :
7232 8 : while ((p = strchr(initialize_steps, 'v')) != NULL)
7233 6 : *p = ' ';
7234 : }
7235 :
7236 6 : if (foreign_keys)
7237 : {
7238 : /* Add 'f' to end of initialize_steps, if not already there */
7239 4 : if (strchr(initialize_steps, 'f') == NULL)
7240 : {
7241 : initialize_steps = (char *)
7242 4 : pg_realloc(initialize_steps,
7243 4 : strlen(initialize_steps) + 2);
7244 4 : strcat(initialize_steps, "f");
7245 : }
7246 : }
7247 :
7248 6 : runInitSteps(initialize_steps);
7249 6 : exit(0);
7250 : }
7251 : else
7252 : {
7253 204 : if (initialization_option_set)
7254 4 : pg_fatal("some of the specified options cannot be used in benchmarking mode");
7255 : }
7256 :
7257 200 : if (nxacts > 0 && duration > 0)
7258 4 : pg_fatal("specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both");
7259 :
7260 : /* Use DEFAULT_NXACTS if neither nxacts nor duration is specified. */
7261 196 : if (nxacts <= 0 && duration <= 0)
7262 16 : nxacts = DEFAULT_NXACTS;
7263 :
7264 : /* --sampling-rate may be used only with -l */
7265 196 : if (sample_rate > 0.0 && !use_log)
7266 2 : pg_fatal("log sampling (--sampling-rate) is allowed only when logging transactions (-l)");
7267 :
7268 : /* --sampling-rate may not be used with --aggregate-interval */
7269 194 : if (sample_rate > 0.0 && agg_interval > 0)
7270 2 : pg_fatal("log sampling (--sampling-rate) and aggregation (--aggregate-interval) cannot be used at the same time");
7271 :
7272 192 : if (agg_interval > 0 && !use_log)
7273 2 : pg_fatal("log aggregation is allowed only when actually logging transactions");
7274 :
7275 190 : if (!use_log && logfile_prefix)
7276 2 : pg_fatal("log file prefix (--log-prefix) is allowed only when logging transactions (-l)");
7277 :
7278 188 : if (duration > 0 && agg_interval > duration)
7279 2 : pg_fatal("number of seconds for aggregation (%d) must not be higher than test duration (%d)", agg_interval, duration);
7280 :
7281 186 : if (duration > 0 && agg_interval > 0 && duration % agg_interval != 0)
7282 2 : pg_fatal("duration (%d) must be a multiple of aggregation interval (%d)", duration, agg_interval);
7283 :
7284 184 : if (progress_timestamp && progress == 0)
7285 2 : pg_fatal("--progress-timestamp is allowed only under --progress");
7286 :
7287 182 : if (!max_tries)
7288 : {
7289 2 : if (!latency_limit && duration <= 0)
7290 2 : pg_fatal("an unlimited number of transaction tries can only be used with --latency-limit or a duration (-T)");
7291 : }
7292 :
7293 : /*
7294 : * save main process id in the global variable because process id will be
7295 : * changed after fork.
7296 : */
7297 180 : main_pid = (int) getpid();
7298 :
7299 180 : if (nclients > 1)
7300 : {
7301 30 : state = (CState *) pg_realloc(state, sizeof(CState) * nclients);
7302 30 : memset(state + 1, 0, sizeof(CState) * (nclients - 1));
7303 :
7304 : /* copy any -D switch values to all clients */
7305 110 : for (i = 1; i < nclients; i++)
7306 : {
7307 : int j;
7308 :
7309 80 : state[i].id = i;
7310 82 : for (j = 0; j < state[0].variables.nvars; j++)
7311 : {
7312 2 : Variable *var = &state[0].variables.vars[j];
7313 :
7314 2 : if (var->value.type != PGBT_NO_VALUE)
7315 : {
7316 0 : if (!putVariableValue(&state[i].variables, "startup",
7317 0 : var->name, &var->value))
7318 0 : exit(1);
7319 : }
7320 : else
7321 : {
7322 2 : if (!putVariable(&state[i].variables, "startup",
7323 2 : var->name, var->svalue))
7324 0 : exit(1);
7325 : }
7326 : }
7327 : }
7328 : }
7329 :
7330 : /* other CState initializations */
7331 440 : for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
7332 : {
7333 260 : state[i].cstack = conditional_stack_create();
7334 260 : initRandomState(&state[i].cs_func_rs);
7335 : }
7336 :
7337 : /* opening connection... */
7338 180 : con = doConnect();
7339 180 : if (con == NULL)
7340 2 : pg_fatal("could not create connection for setup");
7341 :
7342 : /* report pgbench and server versions */
7343 178 : printVersion(con);
7344 :
7345 178 : pg_log_debug("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d %s: %d dbName: %s",
7346 : PQhost(con), PQport(con), nclients,
7347 : duration <= 0 ? "nxacts" : "duration",
7348 : duration <= 0 ? nxacts : duration, PQdb(con));
7349 :
7350 178 : if (internal_script_used)
7351 14 : GetTableInfo(con, scale_given);
7352 :
7353 : /*
7354 : * :scale variables normally get -s or database scale, but don't override
7355 : * an explicit -D switch
7356 : */
7357 176 : if (lookupVariable(&state[0].variables, "scale") == NULL)
7358 : {
7359 432 : for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
7360 : {
7361 256 : if (!putVariableInt(&state[i].variables, "startup", "scale", scale))
7362 0 : exit(1);
7363 : }
7364 : }
7365 :
7366 : /*
7367 : * Define a :client_id variable that is unique per connection. But don't
7368 : * override an explicit -D switch.
7369 : */
7370 176 : if (lookupVariable(&state[0].variables, "client_id") == NULL)
7371 : {
7372 432 : for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
7373 256 : if (!putVariableInt(&state[i].variables, "startup", "client_id", i))
7374 0 : exit(1);
7375 : }
7376 :
7377 : /* set default seed for hash functions */
7378 176 : if (lookupVariable(&state[0].variables, "default_seed") == NULL)
7379 : {
7380 176 : uint64 seed = pg_prng_uint64(&base_random_sequence);
7381 :
7382 432 : for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
7383 256 : if (!putVariableInt(&state[i].variables, "startup", "default_seed",
7384 : (int64) seed))
7385 0 : exit(1);
7386 : }
7387 :
7388 : /* set random seed unless overwritten */
7389 176 : if (lookupVariable(&state[0].variables, "random_seed") == NULL)
7390 : {
7391 432 : for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
7392 256 : if (!putVariableInt(&state[i].variables, "startup", "random_seed",
7393 : random_seed))
7394 0 : exit(1);
7395 : }
7396 :
7397 176 : if (!is_no_vacuum)
7398 : {
7399 22 : fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum...");
7400 22 : tryExecuteStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_branches");
7401 22 : tryExecuteStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_tellers");
7402 22 : tryExecuteStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_history");
7403 22 : fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
7404 :
7405 22 : if (do_vacuum_accounts)
7406 : {
7407 0 : fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum pgbench_accounts...");
7408 0 : tryExecuteStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
7409 0 : fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
7410 : }
7411 : }
7412 176 : PQfinish(con);
7413 :
7414 : /* set up thread data structures */
7415 176 : threads = (TState *) pg_malloc(sizeof(TState) * nthreads);
7416 176 : nclients_dealt = 0;
7417 :
7418 354 : for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
7419 : {
7420 178 : TState *thread = &threads[i];
7421 :
7422 178 : thread->tid = i;
7423 178 : thread->state = &state[nclients_dealt];
7424 178 : thread->nstate =
7425 178 : (nclients - nclients_dealt + nthreads - i - 1) / (nthreads - i);
7426 178 : initRandomState(&thread->ts_choose_rs);
7427 178 : initRandomState(&thread->ts_throttle_rs);
7428 178 : initRandomState(&thread->ts_sample_rs);
7429 178 : thread->logfile = NULL; /* filled in later */
7430 178 : thread->latency_late = 0;
7431 178 : initStats(&thread->stats, 0);
7432 :
7433 178 : nclients_dealt += thread->nstate;
7434 : }
7435 :
7436 : /* all clients must be assigned to a thread */
7437 : Assert(nclients_dealt == nclients);
7438 :
7439 : /* get start up time for the whole computation */
7440 176 : start_time = pg_time_now();
7441 :
7442 : /* set alarm if duration is specified. */
7443 176 : if (duration > 0)
7444 0 : setalarm(duration);
7445 :
7446 176 : errno = THREAD_BARRIER_INIT(&barrier, nthreads);
7447 176 : if (errno != 0)
7448 0 : pg_fatal("could not initialize barrier: %m");
7449 :
7450 : /* start all threads but thread 0 which is executed directly later */
7451 178 : for (i = 1; i < nthreads; i++)
7452 : {
7453 2 : TState *thread = &threads[i];
7454 :
7455 2 : thread->create_time = pg_time_now();
7456 2 : errno = THREAD_CREATE(&thread->thread, threadRun, thread);
7457 :
7458 2 : if (errno != 0)
7459 0 : pg_fatal("could not create thread: %m");
7460 : }
7461 :
7462 : /* compute when to stop */
7463 176 : threads[0].create_time = pg_time_now();
7464 176 : if (duration > 0)
7465 0 : end_time = threads[0].create_time + (int64) 1000000 * duration;
7466 :
7467 : /* run thread 0 directly */
7468 176 : (void) threadRun(&threads[0]);
7469 :
7470 : /* wait for other threads and accumulate results */
7471 174 : initStats(&stats, 0);
7472 174 : conn_total_duration = 0;
7473 :
7474 348 : for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
7475 : {
7476 174 : TState *thread = &threads[i];
7477 :
7478 174 : if (i > 0)
7479 0 : THREAD_JOIN(thread->thread);
7480 :
7481 426 : for (int j = 0; j < thread->nstate; j++)
7482 252 : if (thread->state[j].state != CSTATE_FINISHED)
7483 106 : exit_code = 2;
7484 :
7485 : /* aggregate thread level stats */
7486 174 : mergeSimpleStats(&stats.latency, &thread->stats.latency);
7487 174 : mergeSimpleStats(&stats.lag, &thread->stats.lag);
7488 174 : stats.cnt += thread->stats.cnt;
7489 174 : stats.skipped += thread->stats.skipped;
7490 174 : stats.retries += thread->stats.retries;
7491 174 : stats.retried += thread->stats.retried;
7492 174 : stats.serialization_failures += thread->stats.serialization_failures;
7493 174 : stats.deadlock_failures += thread->stats.deadlock_failures;
7494 174 : stats.other_sql_failures += thread->stats.other_sql_failures;
7495 174 : latency_late += thread->latency_late;
7496 174 : conn_total_duration += thread->conn_duration;
7497 :
7498 : /* first recorded benchmarking start time */
7499 174 : if (bench_start == 0 || thread->bench_start < bench_start)
7500 174 : bench_start = thread->bench_start;
7501 : }
7502 :
7503 : /*
7504 : * All connections should be already closed in threadRun(), so this
7505 : * disconnect_all() will be a no-op, but clean up the connections just to
7506 : * be sure. We don't need to measure the disconnection delays here.
7507 : */
7508 174 : disconnect_all(state, nclients);
7509 :
7510 : /*
7511 : * Beware that performance of short benchmarks with many threads and
7512 : * possibly long transactions can be deceptive because threads do not
7513 : * start and finish at the exact same time. The total duration computed
7514 : * here encompasses all transactions so that tps shown is somehow slightly
7515 : * underestimated.
7516 : */
7517 174 : printResults(&stats, pg_time_now() - bench_start, conn_total_duration,
7518 : bench_start - start_time, latency_late);
7519 :
7520 174 : THREAD_BARRIER_DESTROY(&barrier);
7521 :
7522 174 : if (exit_code != 0)
7523 106 : pg_log_error("Run was aborted; the above results are incomplete.");
7524 :
7525 174 : return exit_code;
7526 : }
7527 :
7528 : static THREAD_FUNC_RETURN_TYPE THREAD_FUNC_CC
7529 178 : threadRun(void *arg)
7530 : {
7531 178 : TState *thread = (TState *) arg;
7532 178 : CState *state = thread->state;
7533 : pg_time_usec_t start;
7534 178 : int nstate = thread->nstate;
7535 178 : int remains = nstate; /* number of remaining clients */
7536 178 : socket_set *sockets = alloc_socket_set(nstate);
7537 : int64 thread_start,
7538 : last_report,
7539 : next_report;
7540 : StatsData last,
7541 : aggs;
7542 :
7543 : /* open log file if requested */
7544 178 : if (use_log)
7545 : {
7546 : char logpath[MAXPGPATH];
7547 4 : char *prefix = logfile_prefix ? logfile_prefix : "pgbench_log";
7548 :
7549 4 : if (thread->tid == 0)
7550 4 : snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "%s.%d", prefix, main_pid);
7551 : else
7552 0 : snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "%s.%d.%d", prefix, main_pid, thread->tid);
7553 :
7554 4 : thread->logfile = fopen(logpath, "w");
7555 :
7556 4 : if (thread->logfile == NULL)
7557 0 : pg_fatal("could not open logfile \"%s\": %m", logpath);
7558 : }
7559 :
7560 : /* explicitly initialize the state machines */
7561 434 : for (int i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
7562 256 : state[i].state = CSTATE_CHOOSE_SCRIPT;
7563 :
7564 : /* READY */
7565 178 : THREAD_BARRIER_WAIT(&barrier);
7566 :
7567 178 : thread_start = pg_time_now();
7568 178 : thread->started_time = thread_start;
7569 178 : thread->conn_duration = 0;
7570 178 : last_report = thread_start;
7571 178 : next_report = last_report + (int64) 1000000 * progress;
7572 :
7573 : /* STEADY */
7574 178 : if (!is_connect)
7575 : {
7576 : /* make connections to the database before starting */
7577 416 : for (int i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
7578 : {
7579 242 : if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
7580 : {
7581 : /* coldly abort on initial connection failure */
7582 0 : pg_fatal("could not create connection for client %d",
7583 : state[i].id);
7584 : }
7585 : }
7586 : }
7587 :
7588 : /* GO */
7589 178 : THREAD_BARRIER_WAIT(&barrier);
7590 :
7591 176 : start = pg_time_now();
7592 176 : thread->bench_start = start;
7593 176 : thread->throttle_trigger = start;
7594 :
7595 : /*
7596 : * The log format currently has Unix epoch timestamps with whole numbers
7597 : * of seconds. Round the first aggregate's start time down to the nearest
7598 : * Unix epoch second (the very first aggregate might really have started a
7599 : * fraction of a second later, but later aggregates are measured from the
7600 : * whole number time that is actually logged).
7601 : */
7602 176 : initStats(&aggs, (start + epoch_shift) / 1000000 * 1000000);
7603 176 : last = aggs;
7604 :
7605 : /* loop till all clients have terminated */
7606 27514 : while (remains > 0)
7607 : {
7608 : int nsocks; /* number of sockets to be waited for */
7609 : pg_time_usec_t min_usec;
7610 27340 : pg_time_usec_t now = 0; /* set this only if needed */
7611 :
7612 : /*
7613 : * identify which client sockets should be checked for input, and
7614 : * compute the nearest time (if any) at which we need to wake up.
7615 : */
7616 27340 : clear_socket_set(sockets);
7617 27340 : nsocks = 0;
7618 27340 : min_usec = PG_INT64_MAX;
7619 119180 : for (int i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
7620 : {
7621 103834 : CState *st = &state[i];
7622 :
7623 103834 : if (st->state == CSTATE_SLEEP || st->state == CSTATE_THROTTLE)
7624 6 : {
7625 : /* a nap from the script, or under throttling */
7626 : pg_time_usec_t this_usec;
7627 :
7628 : /* get current time if needed */
7629 6 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
7630 :
7631 : /* min_usec should be the minimum delay across all clients */
7632 12 : this_usec = (st->state == CSTATE_SLEEP ?
7633 6 : st->sleep_until : st->txn_scheduled) - now;
7634 6 : if (min_usec > this_usec)
7635 6 : min_usec = this_usec;
7636 : }
7637 103828 : else if (st->state == CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT ||
7638 19746 : st->state == CSTATE_WAIT_ROLLBACK_RESULT)
7639 84084 : {
7640 : /*
7641 : * waiting for result from server - nothing to do unless the
7642 : * socket is readable
7643 : */
7644 84084 : int sock = PQsocket(st->con);
7645 :
7646 84084 : if (sock < 0)
7647 : {
7648 0 : pg_log_error("invalid socket: %s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
7649 2 : goto done;
7650 : }
7651 :
7652 84084 : add_socket_to_set(sockets, sock, nsocks++);
7653 : }
7654 19744 : else if (st->state != CSTATE_ABORTED &&
7655 19368 : st->state != CSTATE_FINISHED)
7656 : {
7657 : /*
7658 : * This client thread is ready to do something, so we don't
7659 : * want to wait. No need to examine additional clients.
7660 : */
7661 11994 : min_usec = 0;
7662 11994 : break;
7663 : }
7664 : }
7665 :
7666 : /* also wake up to print the next progress report on time */
7667 27340 : if (progress && min_usec > 0 && thread->tid == 0)
7668 : {
7669 0 : pg_time_now_lazy(&now);
7670 :
7671 0 : if (now >= next_report)
7672 0 : min_usec = 0;
7673 0 : else if ((next_report - now) < min_usec)
7674 0 : min_usec = next_report - now;
7675 : }
7676 :
7677 : /*
7678 : * If no clients are ready to execute actions, sleep until we receive
7679 : * data on some client socket or the timeout (if any) elapses.
7680 : */
7681 27340 : if (min_usec > 0)
7682 : {
7683 15346 : int rc = 0;
7684 :
7685 15346 : if (min_usec != PG_INT64_MAX)
7686 : {
7687 6 : if (nsocks > 0)
7688 : {
7689 0 : rc = wait_on_socket_set(sockets, min_usec);
7690 : }
7691 : else /* nothing active, simple sleep */
7692 : {
7693 6 : pg_usleep(min_usec);
7694 : }
7695 : }
7696 : else /* no explicit delay, wait without timeout */
7697 : {
7698 15340 : rc = wait_on_socket_set(sockets, 0);
7699 : }
7700 :
7701 15346 : if (rc < 0)
7702 : {
7703 0 : if (errno == EINTR)
7704 : {
7705 : /* On EINTR, go back to top of loop */
7706 0 : continue;
7707 : }
7708 : /* must be something wrong */
7709 0 : pg_log_error("%s() failed: %m", SOCKET_WAIT_METHOD);
7710 0 : goto done;
7711 : }
7712 : }
7713 : else
7714 : {
7715 : /* min_usec <= 0, i.e. something needs to be executed now */
7716 :
7717 : /* If we didn't wait, don't try to read any data */
7718 11994 : clear_socket_set(sockets);
7719 : }
7720 :
7721 : /* ok, advance the state machine of each connection */
7722 27340 : nsocks = 0;
7723 157076 : for (int i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
7724 : {
7725 129738 : CState *st = &state[i];
7726 :
7727 129738 : if (st->state == CSTATE_WAIT_RESULT ||
7728 26632 : st->state == CSTATE_WAIT_ROLLBACK_RESULT)
7729 19158 : {
7730 : /* don't call advanceConnectionState unless data is available */
7731 103108 : int sock = PQsocket(st->con);
7732 :
7733 103108 : if (sock < 0)
7734 : {
7735 0 : pg_log_error("invalid socket: %s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
7736 0 : goto done;
7737 : }
7738 :
7739 103108 : if (!socket_has_input(sockets, sock, nsocks++))
7740 83950 : continue;
7741 : }
7742 26630 : else if (st->state == CSTATE_FINISHED ||
7743 16160 : st->state == CSTATE_ABORTED)
7744 : {
7745 : /* this client is done, no need to consider it anymore */
7746 11214 : continue;
7747 : }
7748 :
7749 34574 : advanceConnectionState(thread, st, &aggs);
7750 :
7751 : /*
7752 : * If --exit-on-abort is used, the program is going to exit when
7753 : * any client is aborted.
7754 : */
7755 34574 : if (exit_on_abort && st->state == CSTATE_ABORTED)
7756 2 : goto done;
7757 :
7758 : /*
7759 : * If advanceConnectionState changed client to finished state,
7760 : * that's one fewer client that remains.
7761 : */
7762 34572 : else if (st->state == CSTATE_FINISHED ||
7763 34426 : st->state == CSTATE_ABORTED)
7764 252 : remains--;
7765 : }
7766 :
7767 : /* progress report is made by thread 0 for all threads */
7768 27338 : if (progress && thread->tid == 0)
7769 : {
7770 0 : pg_time_usec_t now2 = pg_time_now();
7771 :
7772 0 : if (now2 >= next_report)
7773 : {
7774 : /*
7775 : * Horrible hack: this relies on the thread pointer we are
7776 : * passed to be equivalent to threads[0], that is the first
7777 : * entry of the threads array. That is why this MUST be done
7778 : * by thread 0 and not any other.
7779 : */
7780 0 : printProgressReport(thread, thread_start, now2,
7781 : &last, &last_report);
7782 :
7783 : /*
7784 : * Ensure that the next report is in the future, in case
7785 : * pgbench/postgres got stuck somewhere.
7786 : */
7787 : do
7788 : {
7789 0 : next_report += (int64) 1000000 * progress;
7790 0 : } while (now2 >= next_report);
7791 : }
7792 : }
7793 : }
7794 :
7795 174 : done:
7796 176 : if (exit_on_abort)
7797 : {
7798 : /*
7799 : * Abort if any client is not finished, meaning some error occurred.
7800 : */
7801 6 : for (int i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
7802 : {
7803 4 : if (state[i].state != CSTATE_FINISHED)
7804 : {
7805 2 : pg_log_error("Run was aborted due to an error in thread %d",
7806 : thread->tid);
7807 2 : exit(2);
7808 : }
7809 : }
7810 : }
7811 :
7812 174 : disconnect_all(state, nstate);
7813 :
7814 174 : if (thread->logfile)
7815 : {
7816 4 : if (agg_interval > 0)
7817 : {
7818 : /* log aggregated but not yet reported transactions */
7819 0 : doLog(thread, state, &aggs, false, 0, 0);
7820 : }
7821 4 : fclose(thread->logfile);
7822 4 : thread->logfile = NULL;
7823 : }
7824 174 : free_socket_set(sockets);
7825 174 : THREAD_FUNC_RETURN;
7826 : }
7827 :
7828 : static void
7829 978 : finishCon(CState *st)
7830 : {
7831 978 : if (st->con != NULL)
7832 : {
7833 460 : PQfinish(st->con);
7834 460 : st->con = NULL;
7835 : }
7836 978 : }
7837 :
7838 : /*
7839 : * Support for duration option: set timer_exceeded after so many seconds.
7840 : */
7841 :
7842 : #ifndef WIN32
7843 :
7844 : static void
7845 0 : handle_sig_alarm(SIGNAL_ARGS)
7846 : {
7847 0 : timer_exceeded = true;
7848 0 : }
7849 :
7850 : static void
7851 0 : setalarm(int seconds)
7852 : {
7853 0 : pqsignal(SIGALRM, handle_sig_alarm);
7854 0 : alarm(seconds);
7855 0 : }
7856 :
7857 : #else /* WIN32 */
7858 :
7859 : static VOID CALLBACK
7860 : win32_timer_callback(PVOID lpParameter, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
7861 : {
7862 : timer_exceeded = true;
7863 : }
7864 :
7865 : static void
7866 : setalarm(int seconds)
7867 : {
7868 : HANDLE queue;
7869 : HANDLE timer;
7870 :
7871 : /* This function will be called at most once, so we can cheat a bit. */
7872 : queue = CreateTimerQueue();
7873 : if (seconds > ((DWORD) -1) / 1000 ||
7874 : !CreateTimerQueueTimer(&timer, queue,
7875 : win32_timer_callback, NULL, seconds * 1000, 0,
7876 : WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD | WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE))
7877 : pg_fatal("failed to set timer");
7878 : }
7879 :
7880 : #endif /* WIN32 */
7881 :
7882 :
7883 : /*
7884 : * These functions provide an abstraction layer that hides the syscall
7885 : * we use to wait for input on a set of sockets.
7886 : *
7887 : * Currently there are two implementations, based on ppoll(2) and select(2).
7888 : * ppoll() is preferred where available due to its typically higher ceiling
7889 : * on the number of usable sockets. We do not use the more-widely-available
7890 : * poll(2) because it only offers millisecond timeout resolution, which could
7891 : * be problematic with high --rate settings.
7892 : *
7893 : * Function APIs:
7894 : *
7895 : * alloc_socket_set: allocate an empty socket set with room for up to
7896 : * "count" sockets.
7897 : *
7898 : * free_socket_set: deallocate a socket set.
7899 : *
7900 : * clear_socket_set: reset a socket set to empty.
7901 : *
7902 : * add_socket_to_set: add socket with indicated FD to slot "idx" in the
7903 : * socket set. Slots must be filled in order, starting with 0.
7904 : *
7905 : * wait_on_socket_set: wait for input on any socket in set, or for timeout
7906 : * to expire. timeout is measured in microseconds; 0 means wait forever.
7907 : * Returns result code of underlying syscall (>=0 if OK, else see errno).
7908 : *
7909 : * socket_has_input: after waiting, call this to see if given socket has
7910 : * input. fd and idx parameters should match some previous call to
7911 : * add_socket_to_set.
7912 : *
7913 : * Note that wait_on_socket_set destructively modifies the state of the
7914 : * socket set. After checking for input, caller must apply clear_socket_set
7915 : * and add_socket_to_set again before waiting again.
7916 : */
7917 :
7918 : #ifdef POLL_USING_PPOLL
7919 :
7920 : static socket_set *
7921 178 : alloc_socket_set(int count)
7922 : {
7923 : socket_set *sa;
7924 :
7925 178 : sa = (socket_set *) pg_malloc0(offsetof(socket_set, pollfds) +
7926 : sizeof(struct pollfd) * count);
7927 178 : sa->maxfds = count;
7928 178 : sa->curfds = 0;
7929 178 : return sa;
7930 : }
7931 :
7932 : static void
7933 174 : free_socket_set(socket_set *sa)
7934 : {
7935 174 : pg_free(sa);
7936 174 : }
7937 :
7938 : static void
7939 39334 : clear_socket_set(socket_set *sa)
7940 : {
7941 39334 : sa->curfds = 0;
7942 39334 : }
7943 :
7944 : static void
7945 84084 : add_socket_to_set(socket_set *sa, int fd, int idx)
7946 : {
7947 : Assert(idx < sa->maxfds && idx == sa->curfds);
7948 84084 : sa->pollfds[idx].fd = fd;
7949 84084 : sa->pollfds[idx].events = POLLIN;
7950 84084 : sa->pollfds[idx].revents = 0;
7951 84084 : sa->curfds++;
7952 84084 : }
7953 :
7954 : static int
7955 15340 : wait_on_socket_set(socket_set *sa, int64 usecs)
7956 : {
7957 15340 : if (usecs > 0)
7958 : {
7959 : struct timespec timeout;
7960 :
7961 0 : timeout.tv_sec = usecs / 1000000;
7962 0 : timeout.tv_nsec = (usecs % 1000000) * 1000;
7963 0 : return ppoll(sa->pollfds, sa->curfds, &timeout, NULL);
7964 : }
7965 : else
7966 : {
7967 15340 : return ppoll(sa->pollfds, sa->curfds, NULL, NULL);
7968 : }
7969 : }
7970 :
7971 : static bool
7972 103108 : socket_has_input(socket_set *sa, int fd, int idx)
7973 : {
7974 : /*
7975 : * In some cases, threadRun will apply clear_socket_set and then try to
7976 : * apply socket_has_input anyway with arguments that it used before that,
7977 : * or might've used before that except that it exited its setup loop
7978 : * early. Hence, if the socket set is empty, silently return false
7979 : * regardless of the parameters. If it's not empty, we can Assert that
7980 : * the parameters match a previous call.
7981 : */
7982 103108 : if (sa->curfds == 0)
7983 37684 : return false;
7984 :
7985 : Assert(idx < sa->curfds && sa->pollfds[idx].fd == fd);
7986 65424 : return (sa->pollfds[idx].revents & POLLIN) != 0;
7987 : }
7988 :
7989 : #endif /* POLL_USING_PPOLL */
7990 :
7991 : #ifdef POLL_USING_SELECT
7992 :
7993 : static socket_set *
7994 : alloc_socket_set(int count)
7995 : {
7996 : return (socket_set *) pg_malloc0(sizeof(socket_set));
7997 : }
7998 :
7999 : static void
8000 : free_socket_set(socket_set *sa)
8001 : {
8002 : pg_free(sa);
8003 : }
8004 :
8005 : static void
8006 : clear_socket_set(socket_set *sa)
8007 : {
8008 : FD_ZERO(&sa->fds);
8009 : sa->maxfd = -1;
8010 : }
8011 :
8012 : static void
8013 : add_socket_to_set(socket_set *sa, int fd, int idx)
8014 : {
8015 : /* See connect_slot() for background on this code. */
8016 : #ifdef WIN32
8017 : if (sa->fds.fd_count + 1 >= FD_SETSIZE)
8018 : {
8019 : pg_log_error("too many concurrent database clients for this platform: %d",
8020 : sa->fds.fd_count + 1);
8021 : exit(1);
8022 : }
8023 : #else
8024 : if (fd < 0 || fd >= FD_SETSIZE)
8025 : {
8026 : pg_log_error("socket file descriptor out of range for select(): %d",
8027 : fd);
8028 : pg_log_error_hint("Try fewer concurrent database clients.");
8029 : exit(1);
8030 : }
8031 : #endif
8032 : FD_SET(fd, &sa->fds);
8033 : if (fd > sa->maxfd)
8034 : sa->maxfd = fd;
8035 : }
8036 :
8037 : static int
8038 : wait_on_socket_set(socket_set *sa, int64 usecs)
8039 : {
8040 : if (usecs > 0)
8041 : {
8042 : struct timeval timeout;
8043 :
8044 : timeout.tv_sec = usecs / 1000000;
8045 : timeout.tv_usec = usecs % 1000000;
8046 : return select(sa->maxfd + 1, &sa->fds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
8047 : }
8048 : else
8049 : {
8050 : return select(sa->maxfd + 1, &sa->fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
8051 : }
8052 : }
8053 :
8054 : static bool
8055 : socket_has_input(socket_set *sa, int fd, int idx)
8056 : {
8057 : return (FD_ISSET(fd, &sa->fds) != 0);
8058 : }
8059 :
8060 : #endif /* POLL_USING_SELECT */
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