LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - src/bin/psql - crosstabview.c (source / functions) Coverage Total Hit
Test: PostgreSQL 19devel Lines: 95.3 % 236 225
Test Date: 2026-02-17 17:20:33 Functions: 100.0 % 15 15
Legend: Lines:     hit not hit

            Line data    Source code
       1              : /*
       2              :  * psql - the PostgreSQL interactive terminal
       3              :  *
       4              :  * Copyright (c) 2000-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
       5              :  *
       6              :  * src/bin/psql/crosstabview.c
       7              :  */
       8              : #include "postgres_fe.h"
       9              : 
      10              : #include "common.h"
      11              : #include "common/int.h"
      12              : #include "common/logging.h"
      13              : #include "crosstabview.h"
      14              : #include "pqexpbuffer.h"
      15              : #include "psqlscanslash.h"
      16              : #include "settings.h"
      17              : 
      18              : /*
      19              :  * Value/position from the resultset that goes into the horizontal or vertical
      20              :  * crosstabview header.
      21              :  */
      22              : typedef struct _pivot_field
      23              : {
      24              :     /*
      25              :      * Pointer obtained from PQgetvalue() for colV or colH. Each distinct
      26              :      * value becomes an entry in the vertical header (colV), or horizontal
      27              :      * header (colH). A Null value is represented by a NULL pointer.
      28              :      */
      29              :     char       *name;
      30              : 
      31              :     /*
      32              :      * When a sort is requested on an alternative column, this holds
      33              :      * PQgetvalue() for the sort column corresponding to <name>. If <name>
      34              :      * appear multiple times, it's the first value in the order of the results
      35              :      * that is kept. A Null value is represented by a NULL pointer.
      36              :      */
      37              :     char       *sort_value;
      38              : 
      39              :     /*
      40              :      * Rank of this value, starting at 0. Initially, it's the relative
      41              :      * position of the first appearance of <name> in the resultset. For
      42              :      * example, if successive rows contain B,A,C,A,D then it's B:0,A:1,C:2,D:3
      43              :      * When a sort column is specified, ranks get updated in a final pass to
      44              :      * reflect the desired order.
      45              :      */
      46              :     int         rank;
      47              : } pivot_field;
      48              : 
      49              : /* Node in avl_tree */
      50              : typedef struct _avl_node
      51              : {
      52              :     /* Node contents */
      53              :     pivot_field field;
      54              : 
      55              :     /*
      56              :      * Height of this node in the tree (number of nodes on the longest path to
      57              :      * a leaf).
      58              :      */
      59              :     int         height;
      60              : 
      61              :     /*
      62              :      * Child nodes. [0] points to left subtree, [1] to right subtree. Never
      63              :      * NULL, points to the empty node avl_tree.end when no left or right
      64              :      * value.
      65              :      */
      66              :     struct _avl_node *children[2];
      67              : } avl_node;
      68              : 
      69              : /*
      70              :  * Control structure for the AVL tree (binary search tree kept
      71              :  * balanced with the AVL algorithm)
      72              :  */
      73              : typedef struct _avl_tree
      74              : {
      75              :     int         count;          /* Total number of nodes */
      76              :     avl_node   *root;           /* root of the tree */
      77              :     avl_node   *end;            /* Immutable dereferenceable empty tree */
      78              : } avl_tree;
      79              : 
      80              : 
      81              : static bool printCrosstab(const PGresult *result,
      82              :                           int num_columns, pivot_field *piv_columns, int field_for_columns,
      83              :                           int num_rows, pivot_field *piv_rows, int field_for_rows,
      84              :                           int field_for_data);
      85              : static void avlInit(avl_tree *tree);
      86              : static void avlMergeValue(avl_tree *tree, char *name, char *sort_value);
      87              : static int  avlCollectFields(avl_tree *tree, avl_node *node,
      88              :                              pivot_field *fields, int idx);
      89              : static void avlFree(avl_tree *tree, avl_node *node);
      90              : static void rankSort(int num_columns, pivot_field *piv_columns);
      91              : static int  indexOfColumn(char *arg, const PGresult *res);
      92              : static int  pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b);
      93              : static int  rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b);
      94              : 
      95              : 
      96              : /*
      97              :  * Main entry point to this module.
      98              :  *
      99              :  * Process the data from *res according to the options in pset (global),
     100              :  * to generate the horizontal and vertical headers contents,
     101              :  * then call printCrosstab() for the actual output.
     102              :  */
     103              : bool
     104           66 : PrintResultInCrosstab(const PGresult *res)
     105              : {
     106           66 :     bool        retval = false;
     107              :     avl_tree    piv_columns;
     108              :     avl_tree    piv_rows;
     109           66 :     pivot_field *array_columns = NULL;
     110           66 :     pivot_field *array_rows = NULL;
     111           66 :     int         num_columns = 0;
     112           66 :     int         num_rows = 0;
     113              :     int         field_for_rows;
     114              :     int         field_for_columns;
     115              :     int         field_for_data;
     116              :     int         sort_field_for_columns;
     117              :     int         rn;
     118              : 
     119           66 :     avlInit(&piv_rows);
     120           66 :     avlInit(&piv_columns);
     121              : 
     122           66 :     if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
     123              :     {
     124            0 :         pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: statement did not return a result set");
     125            0 :         goto error_return;
     126              :     }
     127              : 
     128           66 :     if (PQnfields(res) < 3)
     129              :     {
     130            6 :         pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: query must return at least three columns");
     131            6 :         goto error_return;
     132              :     }
     133              : 
     134              :     /* Process first optional arg (vertical header column) */
     135           60 :     if (pset.ctv_args[0] == NULL)
     136           15 :         field_for_rows = 0;
     137              :     else
     138              :     {
     139           45 :         field_for_rows = indexOfColumn(pset.ctv_args[0], res);
     140           45 :         if (field_for_rows < 0)
     141            0 :             goto error_return;
     142              :     }
     143              : 
     144              :     /* Process second optional arg (horizontal header column) */
     145           60 :     if (pset.ctv_args[1] == NULL)
     146           15 :         field_for_columns = 1;
     147              :     else
     148              :     {
     149           45 :         field_for_columns = indexOfColumn(pset.ctv_args[1], res);
     150           45 :         if (field_for_columns < 0)
     151            3 :             goto error_return;
     152              :     }
     153              : 
     154              :     /* Insist that header columns be distinct */
     155           57 :     if (field_for_columns == field_for_rows)
     156              :     {
     157            3 :         pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: vertical and horizontal headers must be different columns");
     158            3 :         goto error_return;
     159              :     }
     160              : 
     161              :     /* Process third optional arg (data column) */
     162           54 :     if (pset.ctv_args[2] == NULL)
     163              :     {
     164              :         int         i;
     165              : 
     166              :         /*
     167              :          * If the data column was not specified, we search for the one not
     168              :          * used as either vertical or horizontal headers.  Must be exactly
     169              :          * three columns, or this won't be unique.
     170              :          */
     171           15 :         if (PQnfields(res) != 3)
     172              :         {
     173            0 :             pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: data column must be specified when query returns more than three columns");
     174            0 :             goto error_return;
     175              :         }
     176              : 
     177           15 :         field_for_data = -1;
     178           45 :         for (i = 0; i < PQnfields(res); i++)
     179              :         {
     180           45 :             if (i != field_for_rows && i != field_for_columns)
     181              :             {
     182           15 :                 field_for_data = i;
     183           15 :                 break;
     184              :             }
     185              :         }
     186              :         Assert(field_for_data >= 0);
     187              :     }
     188              :     else
     189              :     {
     190           39 :         field_for_data = indexOfColumn(pset.ctv_args[2], res);
     191           39 :         if (field_for_data < 0)
     192            9 :             goto error_return;
     193              :     }
     194              : 
     195              :     /* Process fourth optional arg (horizontal header sort column) */
     196           45 :     if (pset.ctv_args[3] == NULL)
     197           30 :         sort_field_for_columns = -1;    /* no sort column */
     198              :     else
     199              :     {
     200           15 :         sort_field_for_columns = indexOfColumn(pset.ctv_args[3], res);
     201           15 :         if (sort_field_for_columns < 0)
     202            0 :             goto error_return;
     203              :     }
     204              : 
     205              :     /*
     206              :      * First part: accumulate the names that go into the vertical and
     207              :      * horizontal headers, each into an AVL binary tree to build the set of
     208              :      * DISTINCT values.
     209              :      */
     210              : 
     211         5061 :     for (rn = 0; rn < PQntuples(res); rn++)
     212              :     {
     213              :         char       *val;
     214              :         char       *val1;
     215              : 
     216              :         /* horizontal */
     217         5019 :         val = PQgetisnull(res, rn, field_for_columns) ? NULL :
     218         4998 :             PQgetvalue(res, rn, field_for_columns);
     219         5019 :         val1 = NULL;
     220              : 
     221         5094 :         if (sort_field_for_columns >= 0 &&
     222           75 :             !PQgetisnull(res, rn, sort_field_for_columns))
     223           75 :             val1 = PQgetvalue(res, rn, sort_field_for_columns);
     224              : 
     225         5019 :         avlMergeValue(&piv_columns, val, val1);
     226              : 
     227         5019 :         if (piv_columns.count > CROSSTABVIEW_MAX_COLUMNS)
     228              :         {
     229            3 :             pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: maximum number of columns (%d) exceeded",
     230              :                          CROSSTABVIEW_MAX_COLUMNS);
     231            3 :             goto error_return;
     232              :         }
     233              : 
     234              :         /* vertical */
     235         5016 :         val = PQgetisnull(res, rn, field_for_rows) ? NULL :
     236         5010 :             PQgetvalue(res, rn, field_for_rows);
     237              : 
     238         5016 :         avlMergeValue(&piv_rows, val, NULL);
     239              :     }
     240              : 
     241              :     /*
     242              :      * Second part: Generate sorted arrays from the AVL trees.
     243              :      */
     244              : 
     245           42 :     num_columns = piv_columns.count;
     246           42 :     num_rows = piv_rows.count;
     247              : 
     248              :     array_columns = (pivot_field *)
     249           42 :         pg_malloc(sizeof(pivot_field) * num_columns);
     250              : 
     251              :     array_rows = (pivot_field *)
     252           42 :         pg_malloc(sizeof(pivot_field) * num_rows);
     253              : 
     254           42 :     avlCollectFields(&piv_columns, piv_columns.root, array_columns, 0);
     255           42 :     avlCollectFields(&piv_rows, piv_rows.root, array_rows, 0);
     256              : 
     257              :     /*
     258              :      * Third part: optionally, process the ranking data for the horizontal
     259              :      * header
     260              :      */
     261           42 :     if (sort_field_for_columns >= 0)
     262           15 :         rankSort(num_columns, array_columns);
     263              : 
     264              :     /*
     265              :      * Fourth part: print the crosstab'ed result.
     266              :      */
     267           42 :     retval = printCrosstab(res,
     268              :                            num_columns, array_columns, field_for_columns,
     269              :                            num_rows, array_rows, field_for_rows,
     270              :                            field_for_data);
     271              : 
     272           66 : error_return:
     273           66 :     avlFree(&piv_columns, piv_columns.root);
     274           66 :     avlFree(&piv_rows, piv_rows.root);
     275           66 :     pg_free(array_columns);
     276           66 :     pg_free(array_rows);
     277              : 
     278           66 :     return retval;
     279              : }
     280              : 
     281              : /*
     282              :  * Output the pivoted resultset with the printTable* functions.  Return true
     283              :  * if successful, false otherwise.
     284              :  */
     285              : static bool
     286           42 : printCrosstab(const PGresult *result,
     287              :               int num_columns, pivot_field *piv_columns, int field_for_columns,
     288              :               int num_rows, pivot_field *piv_rows, int field_for_rows,
     289              :               int field_for_data)
     290              : {
     291           42 :     printQueryOpt popt = pset.popt;
     292              :     printTableContent cont;
     293              :     int         i,
     294              :                 rn;
     295              :     char        col_align;
     296              :     int        *horiz_map;
     297           42 :     bool        retval = false;
     298              : 
     299           42 :     printTableInit(&cont, &popt.topt, popt.title, num_columns + 1, num_rows);
     300              : 
     301              :     /* Step 1: set target column names (horizontal header) */
     302              : 
     303              :     /* The name of the first column is kept unchanged by the pivoting */
     304           42 :     printTableAddHeader(&cont,
     305              :                         PQfname(result, field_for_rows),
     306              :                         false,
     307           42 :                         column_type_alignment(PQftype(result,
     308              :                                                       field_for_rows)));
     309              : 
     310              :     /*
     311              :      * To iterate over piv_columns[] by piv_columns[].rank, create a reverse
     312              :      * map associating each piv_columns[].rank to its index in piv_columns.
     313              :      * This avoids an O(N^2) loop later.
     314              :      */
     315           42 :     horiz_map = (int *) pg_malloc(sizeof(int) * num_columns);
     316          231 :     for (i = 0; i < num_columns; i++)
     317          189 :         horiz_map[piv_columns[i].rank] = i;
     318              : 
     319              :     /*
     320              :      * The display alignment depends on its PQftype().
     321              :      */
     322           42 :     col_align = column_type_alignment(PQftype(result, field_for_data));
     323              : 
     324          231 :     for (i = 0; i < num_columns; i++)
     325              :     {
     326              :         char       *colname;
     327              : 
     328          378 :         colname = piv_columns[horiz_map[i]].name ?
     329          210 :             piv_columns[horiz_map[i]].name :
     330           21 :             (popt.nullPrint ? popt.nullPrint : "");
     331              : 
     332          189 :         printTableAddHeader(&cont, colname, false, col_align);
     333              :     }
     334           42 :     pg_free(horiz_map);
     335              : 
     336              :     /* Step 2: set row names in the first output column (vertical header) */
     337          153 :     for (i = 0; i < num_rows; i++)
     338              :     {
     339          111 :         int         k = piv_rows[i].rank;
     340              : 
     341          111 :         cont.cells[k * (num_columns + 1)] = piv_rows[i].name ?
     342          117 :             piv_rows[i].name :
     343            6 :             (popt.nullPrint ? popt.nullPrint : "");
     344              :     }
     345           42 :     cont.cellsadded = num_rows * (num_columns + 1);
     346              : 
     347              :     /*
     348              :      * Step 3: fill in the content cells.
     349              :      */
     350          255 :     for (rn = 0; rn < PQntuples(result); rn++)
     351              :     {
     352              :         int         row_number;
     353              :         int         col_number;
     354              :         pivot_field *rp,
     355              :                    *cp;
     356              :         pivot_field elt;
     357              : 
     358              :         /* Find target row */
     359          216 :         if (!PQgetisnull(result, rn, field_for_rows))
     360          210 :             elt.name = PQgetvalue(result, rn, field_for_rows);
     361              :         else
     362            6 :             elt.name = NULL;
     363          216 :         rp = (pivot_field *) bsearch(&elt,
     364              :                                      piv_rows,
     365              :                                      num_rows,
     366              :                                      sizeof(pivot_field),
     367              :                                      pivotFieldCompare);
     368              :         Assert(rp != NULL);
     369          216 :         row_number = rp->rank;
     370              : 
     371              :         /* Find target column */
     372          216 :         if (!PQgetisnull(result, rn, field_for_columns))
     373          195 :             elt.name = PQgetvalue(result, rn, field_for_columns);
     374              :         else
     375           21 :             elt.name = NULL;
     376              : 
     377          216 :         cp = (pivot_field *) bsearch(&elt,
     378              :                                      piv_columns,
     379              :                                      num_columns,
     380              :                                      sizeof(pivot_field),
     381              :                                      pivotFieldCompare);
     382              :         Assert(cp != NULL);
     383          216 :         col_number = cp->rank;
     384              : 
     385              :         /* Place value into cell */
     386          216 :         if (col_number >= 0 && row_number >= 0)
     387              :         {
     388              :             int         idx;
     389              : 
     390              :             /* index into the cont.cells array */
     391          216 :             idx = 1 + col_number + row_number * (num_columns + 1);
     392              : 
     393              :             /*
     394              :              * If the cell already contains a value, raise an error.
     395              :              */
     396          216 :             if (cont.cells[idx] != NULL)
     397              :             {
     398            3 :                 pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: query result contains multiple data values for row \"%s\", column \"%s\"",
     399              :                              rp->name ? rp->name :
     400              :                              (popt.nullPrint ? popt.nullPrint : "(null)"),
     401              :                              cp->name ? cp->name :
     402              :                              (popt.nullPrint ? popt.nullPrint : "(null)"));
     403            3 :                 goto error;
     404              :             }
     405              : 
     406          426 :             cont.cells[idx] = !PQgetisnull(result, rn, field_for_data) ?
     407          219 :                 PQgetvalue(result, rn, field_for_data) :
     408            6 :                 (popt.nullPrint ? popt.nullPrint : "");
     409              :         }
     410              :     }
     411              : 
     412              :     /*
     413              :      * The non-initialized cells must be set to an empty string for the print
     414              :      * functions
     415              :      */
     416          576 :     for (i = 0; i < cont.cellsadded; i++)
     417              :     {
     418          537 :         if (cont.cells[i] == NULL)
     419          246 :             cont.cells[i] = "";
     420              :     }
     421              : 
     422           39 :     printTable(&cont, pset.queryFout, false, pset.logfile);
     423           39 :     retval = true;
     424              : 
     425           42 : error:
     426           42 :     printTableCleanup(&cont);
     427              : 
     428           42 :     return retval;
     429              : }
     430              : 
     431              : /*
     432              :  * The avl* functions below provide a minimalistic implementation of AVL binary
     433              :  * trees, to efficiently collect the distinct values that will form the horizontal
     434              :  * and vertical headers. It only supports adding new values, no removal or even
     435              :  * search.
     436              :  */
     437              : static void
     438          132 : avlInit(avl_tree *tree)
     439              : {
     440          132 :     tree->end = (avl_node *) pg_malloc0(sizeof(avl_node));
     441          132 :     tree->end->children[0] = tree->end->children[1] = tree->end;
     442          132 :     tree->count = 0;
     443          132 :     tree->root = tree->end;
     444          132 : }
     445              : 
     446              : /* Deallocate recursively an AVL tree, starting from node */
     447              : static void
     448         9945 : avlFree(avl_tree *tree, avl_node *node)
     449              : {
     450         9945 :     if (node->children[0] != tree->end)
     451              :     {
     452         5028 :         avlFree(tree, node->children[0]);
     453         5028 :         pg_free(node->children[0]);
     454              :     }
     455         9945 :     if (node->children[1] != tree->end)
     456              :     {
     457         4785 :         avlFree(tree, node->children[1]);
     458         4785 :         pg_free(node->children[1]);
     459              :     }
     460         9945 :     if (node == tree->root)
     461              :     {
     462              :         /* free the root separately as it's not child of anything */
     463          132 :         if (node != tree->end)
     464           90 :             pg_free(node);
     465              :         /* free the tree->end struct only once and when all else is freed */
     466          132 :         pg_free(tree->end);
     467              :     }
     468         9945 : }
     469              : 
     470              : /* Set the height to 1 plus the greatest of left and right heights */
     471              : static void
     472       112743 : avlUpdateHeight(avl_node *n)
     473              : {
     474       112743 :     n->height = 1 + (n->children[0]->height > n->children[1]->height ?
     475       112743 :                      n->children[0]->height :
     476              :                      n->children[1]->height);
     477       112743 : }
     478              : 
     479              : /* Rotate a subtree left (dir=0) or right (dir=1). Not recursive */
     480              : static avl_node *
     481        12105 : avlRotate(avl_node **current, int dir)
     482              : {
     483        12105 :     avl_node   *before = *current;
     484        12105 :     avl_node   *after = (*current)->children[dir];
     485              : 
     486        12105 :     *current = after;
     487        12105 :     before->children[dir] = after->children[!dir];
     488        12105 :     avlUpdateHeight(before);
     489        12105 :     after->children[!dir] = before;
     490              : 
     491        12105 :     return after;
     492              : }
     493              : 
     494              : static int
     495       109551 : avlBalance(avl_node *n)
     496              : {
     497       109551 :     return n->children[0]->height - n->children[1]->height;
     498              : }
     499              : 
     500              : /*
     501              :  * After an insertion, possibly rebalance the tree so that the left and right
     502              :  * node heights don't differ by more than 1.
     503              :  * May update *node.
     504              :  */
     505              : static void
     506       100638 : avlAdjustBalance(avl_tree *tree, avl_node **node)
     507              : {
     508       100638 :     avl_node   *current = *node;
     509       100638 :     int         b = avlBalance(current) / 2;
     510              : 
     511       100638 :     if (b != 0)
     512              :     {
     513         8913 :         int         dir = (1 - b) / 2;
     514              : 
     515         8913 :         if (avlBalance(current->children[dir]) == -b)
     516         3192 :             avlRotate(&current->children[dir], !dir);
     517         8913 :         current = avlRotate(node, dir);
     518              :     }
     519       100638 :     if (current != tree->end)
     520       100638 :         avlUpdateHeight(current);
     521       100638 : }
     522              : 
     523              : /*
     524              :  * Insert a new value/field, starting from *node, reaching the correct position
     525              :  * in the tree by recursion.  Possibly rebalance the tree and possibly update
     526              :  * *node.  Do nothing if the value is already present in the tree.
     527              :  */
     528              : static void
     529       110673 : avlInsertNode(avl_tree *tree, avl_node **node, pivot_field field)
     530              : {
     531       110673 :     avl_node   *current = *node;
     532              : 
     533       110673 :     if (current == tree->end)
     534              :     {
     535              :         avl_node   *new_node = (avl_node *)
     536         9903 :             pg_malloc(sizeof(avl_node));
     537              : 
     538         9903 :         new_node->height = 1;
     539         9903 :         new_node->field = field;
     540         9903 :         new_node->children[0] = new_node->children[1] = tree->end;
     541         9903 :         tree->count++;
     542         9903 :         *node = new_node;
     543              :     }
     544              :     else
     545              :     {
     546       100770 :         int         cmp = pivotFieldCompare(&field, &current->field);
     547              : 
     548       100770 :         if (cmp != 0)
     549              :         {
     550       100638 :             avlInsertNode(tree,
     551              :                           cmp > 0 ? &current->children[1] : &current->children[0],
     552              :                           field);
     553       100638 :             avlAdjustBalance(tree, node);
     554              :         }
     555              :     }
     556       110673 : }
     557              : 
     558              : /* Insert the value into the AVL tree, if it does not preexist */
     559              : static void
     560        10035 : avlMergeValue(avl_tree *tree, char *name, char *sort_value)
     561              : {
     562              :     pivot_field field;
     563              : 
     564        10035 :     field.name = name;
     565        10035 :     field.rank = tree->count;
     566        10035 :     field.sort_value = sort_value;
     567        10035 :     avlInsertNode(tree, &tree->root, field);
     568        10035 : }
     569              : 
     570              : /*
     571              :  * Recursively extract node values into the names array, in sorted order with a
     572              :  * left-to-right tree traversal.
     573              :  * Return the next candidate offset to write into the names array.
     574              :  * fields[] must be preallocated to hold tree->count entries
     575              :  */
     576              : static int
     577          684 : avlCollectFields(avl_tree *tree, avl_node *node, pivot_field *fields, int idx)
     578              : {
     579          684 :     if (node == tree->end)
     580          384 :         return idx;
     581              : 
     582          300 :     idx = avlCollectFields(tree, node->children[0], fields, idx);
     583          300 :     fields[idx] = node->field;
     584          300 :     return avlCollectFields(tree, node->children[1], fields, idx + 1);
     585              : }
     586              : 
     587              : static void
     588           15 : rankSort(int num_columns, pivot_field *piv_columns)
     589              : {
     590              :     int        *hmap;           /* [[offset in piv_columns, rank], ...for
     591              :                                  * every header entry] */
     592              :     int         i;
     593              : 
     594           15 :     hmap = (int *) pg_malloc(sizeof(int) * num_columns * 2);
     595           78 :     for (i = 0; i < num_columns; i++)
     596              :     {
     597           63 :         char       *val = piv_columns[i].sort_value;
     598              : 
     599              :         /* ranking information is valid if non null and matches /^-?\d+$/ */
     600           63 :         if (val &&
     601           63 :             ((*val == '-' &&
     602            0 :               strspn(val + 1, "0123456789") == strlen(val + 1)) ||
     603           63 :              strspn(val, "0123456789") == strlen(val)))
     604              :         {
     605           63 :             hmap[i * 2] = atoi(val);
     606           63 :             hmap[i * 2 + 1] = i;
     607              :         }
     608              :         else
     609              :         {
     610              :             /* invalid rank information ignored (equivalent to rank 0) */
     611            0 :             hmap[i * 2] = 0;
     612            0 :             hmap[i * 2 + 1] = i;
     613              :         }
     614              :     }
     615              : 
     616           15 :     qsort(hmap, num_columns, sizeof(int) * 2, rankCompare);
     617              : 
     618           78 :     for (i = 0; i < num_columns; i++)
     619              :     {
     620           63 :         piv_columns[hmap[i * 2 + 1]].rank = i;
     621              :     }
     622              : 
     623           15 :     pg_free(hmap);
     624           15 : }
     625              : 
     626              : /*
     627              :  * Look up a column reference, which can be either:
     628              :  * - a number from 1 to PQnfields(res)
     629              :  * - a column name matching one of PQfname(res,...)
     630              :  *
     631              :  * Returns zero-based column number, or -1 if not found or ambiguous.
     632              :  *
     633              :  * Note: may modify contents of "arg" string.
     634              :  */
     635              : static int
     636          144 : indexOfColumn(char *arg, const PGresult *res)
     637              : {
     638              :     int         idx;
     639              : 
     640          144 :     if (arg[0] && strspn(arg, "0123456789") == strlen(arg))
     641              :     {
     642              :         /* if arg contains only digits, it's a column number */
     643           48 :         idx = atoi(arg) - 1;
     644           48 :         if (idx < 0 || idx >= PQnfields(res))
     645              :         {
     646            3 :             pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: column number %d is out of range 1..%d",
     647              :                          idx + 1, PQnfields(res));
     648            3 :             return -1;
     649              :         }
     650              :     }
     651              :     else
     652              :     {
     653              :         int         i;
     654              : 
     655              :         /*
     656              :          * Dequote and downcase the column name.  By checking for all-digits
     657              :          * before doing this, we can ensure that a quoted name is treated as a
     658              :          * name even if it's all digits.
     659              :          */
     660           96 :         dequote_downcase_identifier(arg, true, pset.encoding);
     661              : 
     662              :         /* Now look for match(es) among res' column names */
     663           96 :         idx = -1;
     664          456 :         for (i = 0; i < PQnfields(res); i++)
     665              :         {
     666          360 :             if (strcmp(arg, PQfname(res, i)) == 0)
     667              :             {
     668           87 :                 if (idx >= 0)
     669              :                 {
     670              :                     /* another idx was already found for the same name */
     671            0 :                     pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: ambiguous column name: \"%s\"", arg);
     672            0 :                     return -1;
     673              :                 }
     674           87 :                 idx = i;
     675              :             }
     676              :         }
     677           96 :         if (idx == -1)
     678              :         {
     679            9 :             pg_log_error("\\crosstabview: column name not found: \"%s\"", arg);
     680            9 :             return -1;
     681              :         }
     682              :     }
     683              : 
     684          132 :     return idx;
     685              : }
     686              : 
     687              : /*
     688              :  * Value comparator for vertical and horizontal headers
     689              :  * used for deduplication only.
     690              :  * - null values are considered equal
     691              :  * - non-null < null
     692              :  * - non-null values are compared with strcmp()
     693              :  */
     694              : static int
     695       101568 : pivotFieldCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
     696              : {
     697       101568 :     const pivot_field *pa = (const pivot_field *) a;
     698       101568 :     const pivot_field *pb = (const pivot_field *) b;
     699              : 
     700              :     /* test null values */
     701       101568 :     if (!pb->name)
     702           66 :         return pa->name ? -1 : 0;
     703       101502 :     else if (!pa->name)
     704           51 :         return 1;
     705              : 
     706              :     /* non-null values */
     707       101451 :     return strcmp(pa->name, pb->name);
     708              : }
     709              : 
     710              : static int
     711           72 : rankCompare(const void *a, const void *b)
     712              : {
     713           72 :     return pg_cmp_s32(*(const int *) a, *(const int *) b);
     714              : }
        

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