Line data Source code
1 : /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 : *
3 : * bipartite_match.c
4 : * Hopcroft-Karp maximum cardinality algorithm for bipartite graphs
5 : *
6 : * This implementation is based on pseudocode found at:
7 : *
8 : * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopcroft%E2%80%93Karp_algorithm&oldid=593898016
9 : *
10 : * Copyright (c) 2015-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
11 : *
12 : * IDENTIFICATION
13 : * src/backend/lib/bipartite_match.c
14 : *
15 : *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 : */
17 : #include "postgres.h"
18 :
19 : #include <limits.h>
20 :
21 : #include "lib/bipartite_match.h"
22 : #include "miscadmin.h"
23 :
24 : /*
25 : * The distances computed in hk_breadth_search can easily be seen to never
26 : * exceed u_size. Since we restrict u_size to be less than SHRT_MAX, we
27 : * can therefore use SHRT_MAX as the "infinity" distance needed as a marker.
28 : */
29 : #define HK_INFINITY SHRT_MAX
30 :
31 : static bool hk_breadth_search(BipartiteMatchState *state);
32 : static bool hk_depth_search(BipartiteMatchState *state, int u);
33 :
34 : /*
35 : * Given the size of U and V, where each is indexed 1..size, and an adjacency
36 : * list, perform the matching and return the resulting state.
37 : */
38 : BipartiteMatchState *
39 465 : BipartiteMatch(int u_size, int v_size, short **adjacency)
40 : {
41 465 : BipartiteMatchState *state = palloc_object(BipartiteMatchState);
42 :
43 465 : if (u_size < 0 || u_size >= SHRT_MAX ||
44 465 : v_size < 0 || v_size >= SHRT_MAX)
45 0 : elog(ERROR, "invalid set size for BipartiteMatch");
46 :
47 465 : state->u_size = u_size;
48 465 : state->v_size = v_size;
49 465 : state->adjacency = adjacency;
50 465 : state->matching = 0;
51 465 : state->pair_uv = (short *) palloc0((u_size + 1) * sizeof(short));
52 465 : state->pair_vu = (short *) palloc0((v_size + 1) * sizeof(short));
53 465 : state->distance = (short *) palloc((u_size + 1) * sizeof(short));
54 465 : state->queue = (short *) palloc((u_size + 2) * sizeof(short));
55 :
56 1141 : while (hk_breadth_search(state))
57 : {
58 : int u;
59 :
60 832 : for (u = 1; u <= u_size; u++)
61 : {
62 621 : if (state->pair_uv[u] == 0)
63 621 : if (hk_depth_search(state, u))
64 297 : state->matching++;
65 : }
66 :
67 211 : CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS(); /* just in case */
68 : }
69 :
70 465 : return state;
71 : }
72 :
73 : /*
74 : * Free a state returned by BipartiteMatch, except for the original adjacency
75 : * list, which is owned by the caller. This only frees memory, so it's optional.
76 : */
77 : void
78 465 : BipartiteMatchFree(BipartiteMatchState *state)
79 : {
80 : /* adjacency matrix is treated as owned by the caller */
81 465 : pfree(state->pair_uv);
82 465 : pfree(state->pair_vu);
83 465 : pfree(state->distance);
84 465 : pfree(state->queue);
85 465 : pfree(state);
86 465 : }
87 :
88 : /*
89 : * Perform the breadth-first search step of H-K matching.
90 : * Returns true if successful.
91 : */
92 : static bool
93 676 : hk_breadth_search(BipartiteMatchState *state)
94 : {
95 676 : int usize = state->u_size;
96 676 : short *queue = state->queue;
97 676 : short *distance = state->distance;
98 676 : int qhead = 0; /* we never enqueue any node more than once */
99 676 : int qtail = 0; /* so don't have to worry about wrapping */
100 : int u;
101 :
102 676 : distance[0] = HK_INFINITY;
103 :
104 2375 : for (u = 1; u <= usize; u++)
105 : {
106 1699 : if (state->pair_uv[u] == 0)
107 : {
108 1402 : distance[u] = 0;
109 1402 : queue[qhead++] = u;
110 : }
111 : else
112 297 : distance[u] = HK_INFINITY;
113 : }
114 :
115 2303 : while (qtail < qhead)
116 : {
117 1627 : u = queue[qtail++];
118 :
119 1627 : if (distance[u] < distance[0])
120 : {
121 1416 : short *u_adj = state->adjacency[u];
122 1416 : int i = u_adj ? u_adj[0] : 0;
123 :
124 2011 : for (; i > 0; i--)
125 : {
126 595 : int u_next = state->pair_vu[u_adj[i]];
127 :
128 595 : if (distance[u_next] == HK_INFINITY)
129 : {
130 225 : distance[u_next] = 1 + distance[u];
131 : Assert(qhead < usize + 2);
132 225 : queue[qhead++] = u_next;
133 : }
134 : }
135 : }
136 : }
137 :
138 676 : return (distance[0] != HK_INFINITY);
139 : }
140 :
141 : /*
142 : * Perform the depth-first search step of H-K matching.
143 : * Returns true if successful.
144 : */
145 : static bool
146 918 : hk_depth_search(BipartiteMatchState *state, int u)
147 : {
148 918 : short *distance = state->distance;
149 918 : short *pair_uv = state->pair_uv;
150 918 : short *pair_vu = state->pair_vu;
151 918 : short *u_adj = state->adjacency[u];
152 918 : int i = u_adj ? u_adj[0] : 0;
153 : short nextdist;
154 :
155 918 : if (u == 0)
156 297 : return true;
157 621 : if (distance[u] == HK_INFINITY)
158 0 : return false;
159 621 : nextdist = distance[u] + 1;
160 :
161 621 : check_stack_depth();
162 :
163 739 : for (; i > 0; i--)
164 : {
165 415 : int v = u_adj[i];
166 :
167 415 : if (distance[pair_vu[v]] == nextdist)
168 : {
169 297 : if (hk_depth_search(state, pair_vu[v]))
170 : {
171 297 : pair_vu[v] = u;
172 297 : pair_uv[u] = v;
173 297 : return true;
174 : }
175 : }
176 : }
177 :
178 324 : distance[u] = HK_INFINITY;
179 324 : return false;
180 : }
|
